Jonathan Turner, PhD is a Faculty Associate in the School of Politics and Global Studies at Arizona State University. He graduated with his PhD in Political Science from Arizona State University in 2024. He graduated from Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, TX in 2019 with a BS in Political Science and a minor in Philosophy. His research interests focus on the subfields of International Relations and Comparative Politics with a special interest in the causes and consequences of authoritarianism, political violence, and geopolitics. His teaching expertise focuses on international relations, comparative politics, and the international politics of cyberspace. His dissertation develops an original conceptualization and measurement of "latent" interstate patronage from the US to every potential client regime in the 1946-2010 period. He is from Austin, TX and currently resides in Fort Worth, TX.