Joshua Kalmouni studies vector-borne disease ecology - which includes the complex interrelationships between climate, mosquito vectors, and human society. His research investigates how temperature affects insecticide toxicity; quantifying and modeling the microclimate conditions experienced by mosquito vectors in the field; evaluating the effects of humidity on mosquito physiology, and assessing host-seeking behaviors (i.e., identifying the peak biting times) of Ae. aegypti and Cx. spp in Maricopa County. The underlying objective of this research is to inform vector control practices and public health policy to reduce the burden of mosquito-borne diseases endemic to Arizona (i.e., West Nile virus) and to prevent the establishment of (re)emerging arboviruses (such as Zika, dengue, and chikungunya) in the state.