Kwan-Lamar Blount-Hill
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Mail code: 4420Campus: Dtphx
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Kwan-Lamar Blount-Hill (he/him) is an Assistant Professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Arizona State University. He previously worked as the first Director of Research and Data Analytics for the Kings County (NY) District Attorney’s Office in Brooklyn, New York City. Kwan has also worked for New York City's Mayor's Office of Criminal Justice, the Research and Evaluation Center at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and as a police officer and firefighter in Charleston and Cayce, South Carolina, respectively. His research is focused on social group and narrative identity, stigma and marginalization, legitimacy and justice perceptions, built and natural environments, and the translation and application of technical scientific knowledge and skill to public-engaged and -directed action. A significant aspect of his work includes a concern for diversity and inclusion within science and the academy, including research in non-Western and less researched global contexts. Kwan is co-editor of Transforming the Institution (Routledge) and The Palgrave Handbook of Prison Design, and recent work has appeared in Crime & Delinquency (2022), Legal and Criminological Psychology (2022), Race and Justice (2022), Policing: An International Journal (2022), Journal of Correctional Health Care (2022), Journal of Criminal Justice (2021), Biological Conservation (2021), Criminal Justice and Behavior (2021), Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice (2021), Critical Criminology (2021), and Decolonization of Criminology and Justice (2021). His written works have been awarded by the American Society of Criminology's Divisions on Critical Criminology and Social Justice (2017) and of International Criminology (2019), the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (2020), the International Society of Criminology and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2019), and Time-Sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences (2022).
- Ph.D. Criminal Justice, City University of New York Graduate Center / John Jay College of Criminal Justice
- J.D. (law), Emory University School of Law
- B.S. Environmental Science (Natural Resource Management), Tuskegee University
- Intersections of marginalized and dominant group identity with justice, fairness, and legitimacy
- Interaction between humans and built and natural environments
- Inclusive criminology and the effect of diversity on science
- Translational science, public and community-engaged scholarship
FORTHCOMING
Craig, M. O., & Blount-Hill, K. (Eds.). (in press). Transforming the institution: Achieving justice and legitimacy in policing. Routledge.
Moran, D., Jewkes, Y., Blount-Hill, K., & St. John, V. J. (Eds.). (in press). The Palgrave handbook of prison design. Palgrave studies in prisons and penology. Palgrave McMillan.
Blount-Hill, K. (in press). Toward a dignified design: O-T-I, S-L-S, and experience in carceral space. In D. Moran, Y. Jewkes, K. Blount-Hill, & V. J. St. John (Eds), The Palgrave handbook of prison design. Palgrave studies in prisons and penology. Palgrave McMillan.
Blount-Hill, K., & Gau, J. M. (in press). Future research on legitimacy and its measures. In L. Cao (Ed.), Capturing of a slippery concept: Legitimacy and its measures. Springer.
Blount-Hill, K., & Ajil, A. (in press). In our experience: Recognizing and challenging cognitive imperialism. In A. Aliverti, A. Chamberlen, H. Carvalho, & M. Sozzo (Eds.), Decolonising the criminal question: Colonial legacies, contemporary problems. Oxford University Press.
Blount-Hill, K., McLean, K. C., & Jenkins, M. J. (in press). The reform story: Shifting narratives from mistrust to collaboration, defensiveness to service. In M. O. Craig & K. Blount-Hill (Eds.), Transforming the institution: Achieving justice and legitimacy in policing. Routledge.
Babu, D., & Blount-Hill, K. (in press). Inclusive criminology: A note on queer experiences of police in Tamil Nadu, India, and de-centering the Global North/West. In R. A. Colvin, A. Dwyer, & S. A. O. Giwa (Eds.), Q policing: LGBTQ+ experiences, perspectives, and passions. Southern Illinois University Press.
Peters, J. C., & Blount-Hill, K. (in press). Change long coming, but not enough: Valuing queer lives and stories in the movement to make #BlackLivesMatter. In R. A. Colvin, A. Dwyer, & S. A. O. Giwa (Eds.), Q policing: LGBTQ+ experiences, perspectives, and passions. Southern Illinois University Press.
Paez, R., with Blount-Hill, K. (in press). Prison design: Between pragmatic engagement and the dream of decarceration. In D. Moran, Y. Jewkes, K. Blount-Hill, & V. J. St. John (Eds), The Palgrave handbook of prison design. Palgrave studies in prisons and penology. Palgrave McMillan.
2022
Blount-Hill, K., & Gau, J. M. (2022). Clarion call: A comment on Hamm et al.’s (2022) diagrammatic map for a future research agenda. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 27(2), 155-159.
Blount-Hill, K., St. John, V. J., Moton, L., & Ajil, A. (2022). In their experience: A review of racial and sexual minority experience in academe and proposals for building an inclusive criminology. Race and Justice, 12(3), 457-480.
Craig, M. O., & Blount-Hill, K. (2022). Understanding police agencies’ justifications for racial and ethnic disproportionality in vehicle stops. Crime & Delinquency. Advanced online publication.
Dawson, A., Blount-Hill, K., & Hodge, G. (2022). Officer-involved deaths and the duty to intervene: Assessing the impact of DTI policy in New York City, 2000–2019. Policing: An International Journal, 45(4), 662-675.
St. John, V. J., Blount-Hill, K., Mufarreh, A., & Lutgen, L. (2022). Safe by design: An exploration of jail-based injury across New York City. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 28(3), 179-189.
Moton, L. N., with Blount-Hill, K. How bell hooks taught us to talk back: A love letter. Race and Justice, 12(3), 618-619.
2021
Blount-Hill, K. (2021). Exploring a social identity theory of shared narrative: Insights from resident stories of police contact in Newark, New Jersey, and Cleveland, Ohio. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 48(6), 810-827.
Blount-Hill, K. (2021). Proposing a social identity theory of interspecies dominance. Biological Conservation, 254, 108969.
Blount-Hill, K. (2021). Writing another as other: A retro-intro-extrospection. Decolonization of Criminology and Justice, 3(1), 92-102.
Headley, A. M., Blount-Hill, K., & St. John, V. J. (2021). The psychology of justice buildings: A survey experiment on police architecture, public sentiment, and race. Journal of Criminal Justice, 73, 101747.
Evans, D. N., Blount-Hill, K., & Hoyos-Torres, S. (2021). The front line of housing access: Comparing criminal stigma among landlords and real estate agents in New York. Critical Criminology, 29, 853-871.
Piza, E. L., Szkola, J., & Blount-Hill, K. (2021). How can embedded criminologists, police pracademics, and crime analysts help increase police-led program evaluations? A survey of authors cited in the evidence-based policing matrix. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 15(2), 1217-1231.
Jones-Brown, D., Ruffin, J., Blount-Hill, K., Dawson, A., & Cottrell, C. (2021). Hernández v. Mesa and police liability for youth homicides before and after the death of Michael Brown. Criminal Law Bulletin, 56(5), 833-871.
Jones-Brown, D., Dawson, A., Blount-Hill, K., Fuller, K., Oder, P, & Fradella, H. (2021). Am I my brother’s keeper? Can duty to intervene policies save lives and reduce the need for special prosecutors in officer-involved homicide cases? Criminal Law Bulletin, 57(5).
Headley, A. M., & Blount-Hill, K. (2021). Race and police misconduct cases. In H. Pontell (Ed.), Oxford research encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice. Oxford University Press.
Moton, L., & Blount-Hill, K. (2021). Glenn Thrush Scandal. In G. Robertiello (Ed.), Sexual harassment and misconduct: An encyclopedia (pp. 117-118). ABC-CLIO.
Mendez, S. I., & Blount-Hill, K. (2021). A cough, a call, and “butterfly effects” of 2020: Reflection at the genesis of adulthood. The British Society of Criminology Newsletter. British Society of Criminology.
2020
Blount-Hill, K. (2020). Advancing a social identity model of system attitudes. International Annals of Criminology, 57(1-2), 114-137.
Blount-Hill, K., & Oder, P. (2020). From power and privilege to dignity and respect: Developing a theory of species stratification and interspecies dominance. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 553460.
Colvin, R. A., & Blount-Hill, K. (2020). Truth and reconciliation as a model for change #MeToo. Public Administration Review, 80(6), 1138-1141.
Evans, D. N., & Blount-Hill, K. (2020). Swipe right: Experimental analyses of app-based dating in the age of criminal stigma. Corrections: Policy, Practice and Research. Advanced online publication.
Ajil, A., & Blount-Hill, K. (2020). “Writing the other as other”: Exploring the othered lens in academia using collaborative autoethnography. Decolonization of Criminology and Justice, 2(1), 83-108.
Evans, D. N., Blount-Hill, K., & Cubellis, M. A. (2020). Examining housing discrimination across race, gender and felony history. Housing Studies, 34(5), 761-778.
Jones-Brown, D., & Blount-Hill, K. (2020). Convicted: Do recent cases represent a shift in police accountability? A research note. Criminal Law Bulletin, 56(2), 270-301.
Blount-Hill, K. (2020). Hands up, don’t shoot: Why the protests in Ferguson and Baltimore matter, and how they changed America [review]. Criminal Justice Review. Advanced online publication.
Blount-Hill, K. (2020). Public perceptions of police. In C. Lewandowski & J. Bumgarner (Eds.), Criminal justice in America: The encyclopedia of crime, law enforcement, courts, and corrections. ABC-CLIO.
Moton, L., Blount-Hill, K., & Colvin, R. A. (2020). Squaring the circle: Exploring lesbian experience in a heteromale police profession. In C. D. M.-Coates & M. Walker-Pickett (Eds.), Women, minorities, and criminal justice: A multicultural intersectionality approach (pp. 243-255). Kendall Hunt Publishing Company.
2019
St. John, V. J., Blount-Hill, K., Evans, D. N., Ayers, D., & Allard, S. (2019). Architecture and correctional services: A facilities approach to treatment. The Prison Journal, 99(6), 748-770.
Blount-Hill, K. From the war on poverty to the war on crime: The making of mass incarceration in America [review]. European Journal of American Culture, 38(2), 185-187.
Blount-Hill, K. (2019). Post-colonial criminology. In F. P. Bernat, K. Frailing, L. Gelsthorpe, S. Kethineni, & L. Pasko (Eds.), Encyclopedia of women and crime. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Blount-Hill, K. U.S. v. Morrison. In F. P. Bernat, K. Frailing, L. Gelsthorpe, S. Kethineni, & L. Pasko (Eds.), Encyclopedia of women and crime. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Blount-Hill, K., & Natarajan, M. (2019). Human-wildlife competition: The role of human activities, environmental transformation, and water scarcity in explaining mammalian species loss. In M. J. Lynch & S. F. Pires (Eds.), Quantitative studies in green and conservation criminology: The measurement of environmental harm and crime, 1st Ed (pp. 111-126). Routledge.
St. John, V. J., & Blount-Hill, K. (2019). Place, space, race, and life during and after incarceration: Dismantling mass incarceration through spatial and placial justice. Harvard Kennedy School Journal of African American Policy, 2018-19, 46-54.
2018
Blount-Hill, K. (2018). Inmates and freedom of religion. In V. B. Worley & R. M. Worley (Eds.), American prisons and jails: An encyclopedia of controversies and trends, vol. 1 (pp. 326-330). ABC-CLIO.
Blount-Hill, K. (2018). Informal methods of control utilized by correctional officers. In V. B. Worley & R. M. Worley (Eds.), American prisons and jails: An encyclopedia of controversies and trends, vol. 1 (pp. 307-310). ABC-CLIO.
Blount-Hill, K. (2018). Muslim inmates. In V. B. Worley & R. M. Worley (Eds.), American prisons and jails: An encyclopedia of controversies and trends, vol. 1 (pp. 410-413). ABC-CLIO.
Blount-Hill, K., & Blount-Hill, B. (2018). Constitutional and legal issues. In K. Dodson (Ed.), Handbook on offenders with special needs (pp. 21-36). Routledge.
St. John, V. J., & Blount-Hill, K. (2018). Spatial justice: Legitimacy through openness, transparency and inclusiveness in correctional design. Corrections Today. American Correctional Association.
Cabrerra, Y., & Blount-Hill, K. (2018). Determinate versus indeterminate sentencing. In V. B. Worley & R. M. Worley (Eds.), American prisons and jails: An encyclopedia of controversies and trends, vol. 1 (pp. 169-171). ABC-CLIO.
Ghiorzo, J. C., & Blount-Hill, K. (2018). Overcrowding. In V. B. Worley & R. M. Worley (Eds.), American prisons and jails: An encyclopedia of controversies and trends, vol. 2 (pp. 425-427). ABC-CLIO.
Gulama, N., & Blount-Hill, K. (2018). Federal sentencing guidelines. In V. B. Worley & R. M. Worley (Eds.), American prisons and jails: An encyclopedia of controversies and trends, vol. 1 (pp. 226-228). ABC-CLIO.
Pierce, R., & Blount-Hill, K. (2018). Leaving prison. In V. B. Worley & R. M. Worley (Eds.), American prisons and jails: An encyclopedia of controversies and trends, vol. 1 (pp. 368-370). ABC-CLIO.
Pierce, R., & Blount-Hill, K. Prisonization. (2018). In V. B. Worley & R. M. Worley (Eds.), American prisons and jails: An encyclopedia of controversies and trends, vol. 2 (pp. 518-521). ABC-CLIO.
Blount-Hill, Z. A., Ghiorzo, J. C., & Blount-Hill, K. (2018). Inside-out relationships. In V. B. Worley & R. M. Worley (Eds.), American prisons and jails: An encyclopedia of controversies and trends, vol. 1 (pp. 345-348). ABC-CLIO.
2017
Blount-Hill, K., & St. John, V. J. (2017). Manufactured “mismatch”: Cultural incongruence and Black experience in the academy. Race and Justice, 7(2), 110-126.
Blount-Hill, K. (2017). Legitimacy in decision-making: Increasing voter approval of municipal bonds. Government Finance Review. Government Finance Officers Association.
Blount-Hill, K. Firearms. (2017). In StreetLaw: Manual for school resource officers in South Carolina. South Carolina Bar Association.
Blount-Hill, K., & St. John, V. J. (2017). “Manufactured” mismatch: Cultural incongruence and Black experience in the academy. Research Blog. Office for the Advancement of Research, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York.
Blount-Hill, K., St. John, V. J., & Ryan, E. (2017). Psychology of space: Enhancing legitimacy through open, transparent, and inclusive facilities for police and the public. The Police Chief. International Association of Chiefs of Police.
McDaniel, S., Blount-Hill, K., & Morris, S. Arson. (2017). In StreetLaw: Manual for school resource officers in South Carolina. South Carolina Bar Association.
2016
Blount-Hill, K. (2016). Strangers no more: Immigration and the challenges of integration in North America and western Europe and Why Muslim integration fails in Christian-heritage societies [review]. International Affairs, 92(4), 1002-1003.
Blount-Hill, K. (2016). Deterring rational fanatics [review]. Security Journal, 29(3), e16-e19.
Taylor, H., Jr., Blount-Hill, K., & Jennings, C. R. (2016). Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in the local public safety environment: A review. Christian Regenhard Center for Emergency Response Studies, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York.
Tomberg, K., Butts, J. A., with (in alphabetic order) Adler, H., Alsabahi, L., Blount-Hill, K., Cubellis, M., Delgado, S. A., Evans, D. N., Henninger, A., Lynn-Whaley, J., Mandala, M., O’Toole, M. O., Peirce, J., Pelletier, E., Roman, C. G., Smuhl, M., & Taylor, C. (2016). Street by street: Cross-site evaluation of the OJJDP community-based violence prevention demonstration program. Research and Evaluation Center, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York.
2015
Blount-Hill, K., & Butts, J. A. (2015). Respondent-driven sampling: Evaluating the effects of the Cure Violence model with neighborhood surveys. Research and Evaluation Center, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York.
Delgado, S., Blount-Hill, K., Mandala, M., & Butts, J. A. (2015). Perceptions of violence: surveying young males in New York City. Research and Evaluation Center, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York.
Courses
2023 Spring
| Course Number | Course Title |
|---|---|
| CRJ 511 | Applied Data Analysis in Crim |
2022 Fall
| Course Number | Course Title |
|---|---|
| CRJ 304 | Inequality, Crime & Crim Just |
2022
Lupia-Mutz Outstanding Publication Award, Time-Sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences.
Lagerspetz Award, International Society for Research on Aggression.
Summer Research Institute, Racial Democracy, Crime and Justice Network, Rutgers University–Newark.
Young Investigators’ Program, International Society for Research on Aggression.
2021
SAGE Junior Faculty Professional Development Teaching Award, Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences.
Graduate/Postdoctoral Fellowship for “Building a Caucasian criminology: A study of crime and justice attitudes in Azerbaijan,” American Research Institute of the South Caucasus.
NSF–CJARS Research Fellowship for “Progressive prosecution and its outcomes,” Criminal Justice Administrative Records System.
2020
Community Service Award, Division on People of Color and Crime, American Society of Criminology.
Affirmative Action Student Scholarship Mini-Grant Travel Award for "Advancing a social identity model of system of attitudes," Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences.
2019
Best Student Paper Award, Division of International Criminology, American Society of Criminology.
Young Scholars Research Paper Awardee, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Education for Justice Initiative and the International Society of Criminology.
Special Competition for Young Investigators, Time-Sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences.
Graduate Peer Mentoring Scholarship, University Student Senate, City University of New York.
Michael Maxfield International Travel Award for “Human-wildlife competition: Seeing species through a social conflict lens,” Research and Evaluation Center, John Jay College of Criminal Justice.
Summer Program Grant, École des Sciences Criminelles (School of Criminal Sciences), University of Lausanne.
2018
Arthur and Elaine Niederhoffer Fellowship, CUNY Graduate Center Doctoral Program in Criminal Justice.
James Fyfe Fellowship, CUNY Graduate Center Doctoral Program in Criminal Justice.
2017
Best Journal Article Award, Division on Critical Criminology and Social Justice, American Society of Criminology.
Policing/Summer Research Fellowship, Vera Institute for Justice.
Doctoral Summit Fellowship, Academy of Criminal Justice Studies.
- Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences
- Academy of Management
- American Academy of Religion
- American Correctional Association
- American Institute of Pakistan Studies
- American Research Institute of the South Caucasus
- American Society of Criminology
- American Sociological Association
- Association for Research in Personality
- Canadian Sociological Association
- Criminological Society of Africa
- Data Visualization Society
- Design Research Society
- European Society of Criminology
- International Association of Applied Psychology
- International Association of Chiefs of Police
- International Association of People-Environment Studies
- International Society for Self and Identity
- International Society for Researcher on Aggression
- International Sociological Association Junior Sociologists Network
- Midwest Sociological Society
- National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives
- Racial Justice, Crime, and Democracy Network
- Research-to-Policy Collaboration
- Society for Conservation Biology
- Society for Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association Division 8)
- Society for Social Work and Research
- Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (American Psychological Association Division 9)
- Society for the Scientific Study of Religion
- Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality
- Southern Sociological Society
- Southwestern Social Science Association
- Union of Concerned Scientists Science Network
- Western Society of Criminology.
Assistant Professor, Arizona State University, June 2022–present
Chief Executive Officer, Simsi, Inc., January 2022–July 2022.
Director of Research and Data Analytics, Kings County (Brooklyn, NY) District Attorney’s Office, April 2020–March 2022.
Senior Research Manager, New York City’s Mayor’s Office of Criminal Justice, April 2018–March 2020.
Research Manager, New York City’s Mayor’s Office of Criminal Justice, October 2017–April 2018.
Senior Research Associate, Research and Evaluation Center, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, May 2017–October 2017.
Graduate Research Fellow, Research and Evaluation Center, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, November 2014–May 2017.
Police Officer, City of Charleston (SC) Police Department, March 2013–August 2014.
Firefighter, City of Cayce (SC) Public Safety Department, May 2011–March 2013.
OFFICES HELD
Vice Chair of the Executive Board for the Minorities and Women Section, Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, 2022–present.
Executive Counselor, Executive Board for the Division on People of Color and Crime, American Society of Criminology, 2020–present.
Board Member, Board of Directors for the Social Sciences Working Group, Society for Conservation Biology, 2021–present.
At-Large Representative, Board of Directors, Society for the Scientific Study of Sex, 2021–present.
Committee Member, Government Relations Committee, Society for Personality and Social Psychology, 2022–present.
Committee Member, Grants-in-Aid (GIA) Selection Committee, Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2021-present.
Committee Member, Public Policy Committee, Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, 2022–present.
Task Force Member, LGBTQ+ Task Force, Midwest Sociological Society, 2021–present.
Task Force Member, Steering Committee and Non-Member Team, Disciplinary Inclusion Task Force, Society for Conservation Biology, 2020–present.
Working Group Member, Working Group to Explore/Create Journal Reporting Guidelines for EDI & Justice in Psychological Science, American Psychological Association, 2022–present.
Sub-Area Chair, “Attitudes about the Criminal Justice System & Punishment,” 2022 Annual Meeting Program Committee, American Society of Criminology, 2021–2022.
Ambassador, Doctoral Student Summit, Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, 2022.
Advisory Board Member, “Advancing Prosecutorial Effectiveness and Fairness through Data and Innovation,” Florida International University and Loyola University Chicago, 2020–2021.
Advisory Committee Member, Race and Policing Certificate Program, San Diego State University, 2020.
PEER REVIEW
Peer Reviewer for Scholarly Journals, Criminal Justice and Behavior; Criminal Justice Review; Criminology & Public Policy; Justice Quarterly; American Journal of Public Health; American Journal of Sociology; Critical Criminology; Decolonization of Criminology and Justice; Economic Modelling; European Review of Social Psychology; Frontiers in Human Dynaimcs; Injury Prevention; Journal of Environmental Psychology; Journal of Homosexuality; Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice and Criminology; Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency; Journal of Trust Research; Police Practice and Research; Policing & Society; Race and Justice; SAGE Open; Sociology Compass.
Peer Reviewer for Federal Government Grants, National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, United States Department of Justice, 2021-2022.
Reviewer for Local Government Grants, Crisis Management System, New York City Mayor’s Office of Criminal Justice and United Way, 2022; Atlas Innovation Fund, Atlas Initiative, United Way of New York City and New York City Office of Neighborhood Safety, 2022.
Peer Reviewer for Foundations, Centers and Institutes, Arnold Ventures LLC; Child Trends; John Jay College of Criminal Justice Research and Evaluation Center.
Peer Assessor for Academic Promotion, University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Peer Reviewer for Conference Proposals, Social Sciences Working Group (Society for Conservation Biology) Twitter Conference 2021; Society for Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association Division 8) 2021 Annual Convention; Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (American Psychological Association Division 9) Annual Conference 2021; North American Congress on Conservation Biology 2020; Academy of Management Annual Meeting 2019, Managerial and Organizational Cognition Division; Academy of Management Annual Meeting 2019, Organization and Management Theory Division.
Research Advisory Board Member, New Yorkers Against Gun Violence, 2021–present.
Director of Research and Data Analytics, Kings County (Brooklyn, NY) District Attorney’s Office, April 2020–March 2022.
Senior Research Manager, New York City’s Mayor’s Office of Criminal Justice, April 2018–March 2020.
Research Manager, New York City’s Mayor’s Office of Criminal Justice, October 2017–April 2018.
Senior Research Associate, Research and Evaluation Center, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, May 2017–October 2017.
Graduate Research Fellow, Research and Evaluation Center, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, November 2014–May 2017.
Police Officer, City of Charleston (SC) Police Department, March 2013–August 2014.
Firefighter, City of Cayce (SC) Public Safety Department, May 2011–March 2013.
Research Director, Foundation of Freedom, 2021–present.
First Vice President, Executive Board, John Jay College of Criminal Justice Alumni Association, 2022–2024.