Bob Manning is Steven Rubenstein Professor of Environment and Natural Resources (Emeritus) at the University of Vermont where he taught the history, philosophy, and management of national parks and related areas. He conducted a longterm program of research for the US National Park Service and other agencies on the visitor capacity of parks and public lands and visitor use management. He has spent four year-long sabbaticals with the National Park Service. He has degrees in both the natural and social sciences, and enjoys working at the intersection of environment and society.