Tony Clark is a U.S. Marine Corps veteran and first-generation college graduate who works from the interdisciplinary and applied humanities and social sciences to offer the introduction to film studies, surveys in U.S. literatures and history, and courses on combat in film, combat trauma, and film as history. During his 32-year career, he has published 24 peer-reviewed articles and refereed book chapters and delivered more than 40 talks and presentations. In 2023, he was a visiting combat instructor and higher-education consultant during the last scout sniper course offered from June-September by the Advanced Infantry Training Battalion at the School of Infantry-West in Camp Pendleton. Currently, he is Chief Administrative Officer and Vice President of History and Education for the USMC Scout Sniper Association. He is a founding director of the Marine Scout Sniper Heritage Foundation.
Education
PhD American Studies, University of Kansas
MA History, Northwestern Missouri State University
Along with gathering the oral histories of Marine scout snipers and building out the history of Marine scout snipers during WWI, his empirical research interests working from the critical humanities and social sciences are focused on vetphobia.
Vetphobia targets military veterans when one party "can gain and maintain the capacity to impose its will repeatedly upon another, despite any opposition, by its potential to contribute or withhold critical resources from the central task, as well as by its position to offer or withhold rewards or by threatening or invoking punishment" (Lipman-Blumen, 1994, p. 110). Everyday vetphobic injustices may take form (a) as aversive, laissez-fair, or symbolic vetphobic attitudes among civilian non-veterans or as internalized vetphobia among military veterans that marginalize and/or problematize military service and/or (b) as vetphobic microaggressions -- as largely unconscious assaults, insults, and/or invalidations -- that maternalize or paternalize, objectify, demean, trivialize, and/or lampoon military veterans.
Vetphobia & Vetphobic Microaggressions Research Lab.
Publications
peer-reviewed articles & essays published in refereed journals
Kim, Y., Dimberg, S. K., Clark, D. A., & Spanierman, L. B. (2024). Gender microaggressions that target women in the U.S. military: Effects on depression and the moderating role of rank and coping. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 48(1), 108-120. doi:10.1177/03616843231202706
Spanierman, L. B., Clark, D. A., & Kim, Y. (2021). Reviewing racial microaggressions research: Documenting targets' experiences, harmful sequelae, and resistance strategies. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(5), 1037-1059. doi:10.1177/17456916211019944
Dimberg, S. K., Clark, D. A., Spanierman L. B., & VanDaalen, R. A. (2021). "School shouldn't be something you have to survive": Microaggressions targeting queer women in an urban Canadian university. Journal of Homosexuality, 68(5), 709-732. doi:10.1080/00918369.2019.1661729
Clark, D. A., Kleiman, S., Spanierman, L. B., Isaac, P., & Poolokasingham, G. (2014). "Do you live in a tee pee?" Aboriginal students' experiences with racial microaggressions in Canada. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education 7(2), 112-125. doi:10.1037/a0036573
Clark, D. A., Spanierman, L. B., Reed, T. D., Soble, J. R., & Cabana, S. (2011). Documenting weblog expressions of racial microaggressions that target American Indians. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 4(1), 39-50. doi:10.1037/a0021762
Clark, D. A., & Reed, T. D. (2010). The future we wish to see: Racialized communities studies and white racial anxiety and resentment. Black Scholar, 40(4), 37-49. doi:10.1080/00064246.2010.11413531
Clark, D. A. & Powell, M. (2008). Resisting exile in the "land of the free": Indigenous groundwork at colonial intersections. American Indian Quarterly, 32(1), 1-15.
Clark, D. A. (2007). "They hate us.... envy us.... want us only if we're dead," or, Black Hawk lives for your sins. Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, 100(3), 268-78.
Clark, D. A. (2007). Decolonization matters. Wicazo Sa Review, 22(1), 101-18.
Clark, D. A. & Yetman, N. (2005). "To feel the drumming earth come upward": Indigenizing the American studies discipline, field, movement. American Studies, 46(3-4), 7-21.
Clark, D. A. (2005). Indigenous voice and vision as commodity in a mass-consumption society: The colonial politics of public opinion polling. American Indian Quarterly, 29(1), 228-238.
Clark, D. A. (2001). Breaking iron bonds, elucidating fluid boundaries: 'Indians' in American studies. American Quarterly, 53(1), 156-164.
Clark, D. A. (2000). "The number of tribes...right for him or her": Romancing imaginary "Indians" in On the Rez. American Indian Quarterly, 24(2), 299-305.
Clark, D. A. (2000). "This side of the cornfield: Reform activism at Graceland College, 1965-1973." Annals of Iowa, 59(1), 35-69. doi:10.17077/0003-4827.10319
refereed book chapters
Spanierman, L. B., & Clark, D. A. (2023). Racial microaggressions: Empirical research that documents targets’ experiences (pp. 231-249). In Diskriminierungs, N., & Polat, S. (Eds.), Rassismusforschung I: Theoretische und interdisziplinäre perspektiven (Vol. 73). Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag.
Spanierman, L. B., & Clark, D. A. (2021). Taking White racial emotions seriously: Revisiting the costs of racism to White Americans. In D. Austin & B. Bowser (Eds.), Impacts of racism on White Americans (pp. 115-136). New York, NY: Palgrave.
Clark, D. A., & Spanierman, L. B. (2018). "I didn't know that was racist": Costs of racial microaggressions to Whites in the United States. In G. C. Torino et al. (Eds.), Microaggression theory: Influence and implications (pp. 138-155). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Clark, D. A. (2014). "Rationally designed to further Indian self-government": American Indians and affirmative action. In J. I. Ross (Ed.), American Indians at risk (pp. 631-647). Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood.
Spanierman, L. B., Garriott, P., & Clark, D. A. (2013). Whiteness and social class: Intersections and implications. In W. M. Liu (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of social class in counseling (pp. 394-410). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Clark, D. A. (2007). American Indian Peoples. In B. H. Johnson (Ed.), Making of the American West: People and perspectives (pp. 19-45). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
Clark, D. A. (2005). Wa a o, wa ba ski na me ska ta! "Indian" mascots and the pathology of anti-indigenous racism. In A. Bass (Ed.), In the game: Race, identity, and sports in the twentieth century (pp. 137-166). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Clark, D. A. (2004). Not the end of the stories, not the end of the songs: Visualizing, signifying, counter-colonizing. In D. A. Mihesuah & A. C. Wilson, Indigenizing the academy: Transforming scholarship and empowering communities (pp. 218-232). Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press.
Clark, D. A., & Nagel, J. (2001) White men, red masks: Appropriations of "Indian" manhood in imagined Wests. M. Basso, D. Garceau, & L. McCall (Eds.), Across the great divide: Cultures of manhood in the American West (pp. 109-130). New York, NY: Routledge.
Clark, D. A., & Nagel, J. (2001). U.S. American Indian activist movements. In D. Champagne (Ed.), The Native North American almanac: A reference work on Native North Americans in the United States and Canada (pp. 565-592). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Research.
Marine Scout Sniper Heritage Foundation Chief Administrative Officer (2024-present) & Member, Marine Scout Sniper War Memorial Committee and Fallen Marine Scout Sniper Research Subcommittee
USMC Scout Sniper Association Chief Administrative Officer (2022, 2023, 2024) and Vice President of History & Education (2022, 2023, 2024)
Veterans Studies Association Member, Academic Engagement & Small Grants Committee Member (2023-24); proposal reviewer, 2024 Veterans in Society Conference Operations Subcommittee (2023-24); member, Social Media and External Engagement (2024-present) Sub-Committee; and member, 2026 Veterans in Society Conference Planning Committee (2024-present).
Pro Bono
TAPS, Tragedy Assistance Program for Survivors Military Mentor (2022-present)