Tony Clark
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Mail code: 2780Campus: Poly
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Tony Clark is a United States Marine Corps veteran rifleman (0311) and scout sniper (8541), first-generation college graduate, and professional educator with 30+ years of teaching experience. His American Studies PhD is from the University of Kansas, where he studied modern U.S. history, the sociology of ethnicity, and critical race theory. He has published 24 peer-reviewed articles and refereed book chapters and delivered more than 40 talks and presentations. He is past president of the Mid-America American Studies Association. Currently, he is a consulting editor for the Journal of Diversity in Higher Education and Chief Administrative Officer and Vice President of History and Education for the USMC Scout Sniper Association. He is a founding director of the Marine Scout Sniper Heritage Foundation.
- PhD American Studies, University of Kansas
- MA History, Northwestern Missouri State University
- BA History, Graceland University
My research interests are in:
- Veterans studies & war and culture studies.
- The psychology of racism & racial justice.
- Studies of modern U.S. culture, law, & politics.
I have refereed articles, essays, and reviews published in, among other places, the American Journal of Sociology, American Quarterly, American Studies, Black Scholar, Cultural Critique, and Journal of Diversity in Higher Education. You will find recent articles I've written with Lisa Spanierman in and Psychology of Women Quarterly (2024) and Rassismusforschung I: Theoretische und Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven (2023).
Along with gathering the oral histories of both Marine scout snipers since 1941 and directors who have served the USMC Scout Sniper Association since 1997, his current research interests are focused on conceptualizing modern forms of vetphobia.
Vetphobia targets military veterans when one party "can gain and maintain the capacity to impose its will repeatedly upon another, despite any opposition, by its potential to contribute or withhold critical resources from the central task, as well as by its position to offer or withhold rewards or by threatening or invoking punishment" (Lipman-Blumen, 1994, p. 110). Everyday vetphobic injustices may take form (a) as aversive, laissez-fair, or symbolic vetphobic attitudes among civilian non-veterans or as internalized vetphobia among military veterans that marginalize and/or problemitize military service and/or (b) as vetphobic microaggressions -- as largely unconscious assaults, insults, and/or invalidations -- that maternalize or paternalize, objectify, demean, trivialize, and/or lampoon military veterans.
Military & Veterans Studies Leadership & Research Collective (principal investigator/faculty-in-charge of its three initiatives):
- Corporal John Henry Pruitt Marine Scout Sniper Oral History Project.
- Privates Manuel Cabeza & Felix Hall Vetphobia & Veterans Microaggressions Interdisciplinary Research Project.
- Sergeant Gilbert H. "Hashmark" Johnson Undergraduate Peer Mentoring Collaborative (UPMC).
iCARE (Integrative Corrective Action Research Enterprise)
iCARE is a multi-method, transdisciplinary research lab in which I advise, collaborate with, guide, and mentor undergraduate research.
Among the 26 students who completed projects between 2014 and 2018 were ASU interdisciplinary studies majors currently in graduate or professional programs in areas such as education studies, law, library and information science, and psychology.
iCARE is not accepting new projects.
In 2018, iCARE hosted projects that addressed:
- Gender, race, & the social responsibility of engineers (IRB ID STUDY00009009).
- Gendered perceptions of the 21st-century blue-collar economy (IRB STUDY00009244).
- Non-military-veteran civilian employee attitudes of the U.S. military military veteran job applicants and co-workers (IRB ID STUDY00008204).
2017 projects included qualitative and quantitative studies that examined:
- Racialized minority formerly-incarcerated men's experiences with the judicial system and with families and communities (IRB ID STUDY00006108).
- How Generation Z Black women experience colorism and coping with colorism (IRB ID STUDY00005799).
- White racial attitudes toward Black Lives Matter (IRB ID STUDY00005667).
- Non-Muslim American attitudes toward Muslim immigration (IRB ID STUDY00006333).
peer-reviewed articles & essays published in refereed journals
- Kim, Y., Dimberg, S. K., Clark, D. A., & Spanierman, L. B. (2024). Gender microaggressions that target women in the U.S. military: Effects on depression and the moderating role of rank and coping. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 48(1), 108-120. doi:10.1177/03616843231202706
- Spanierman, L. B., Clark, D. A., & Kim, Y. (2021). Reviewing racial microaggressions research: Documenting targets' experiences, harmful sequelae, and resistance strategies. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(5), 1037-1059. doi:10.1177/17456916211019944
- Dimberg, S. K., Clark, D. A., Spanierman L. B., & VanDaalen, R. A. (2021). "School shouldn't be something you have to survive": Microaggressions targeting queer women in an urban Canadian university. Journal of Homosexuality, 68(5), 709-732. doi:10.1080/00918369.2019.1661729
- Clark, D. A., Kleiman, S., Spanierman, L. B., Isaac, P., & Poolokasingham, G. (2014). "Do you live in a tee pee?" Aboriginal students' experiences with racial microaggressions in Canada. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education 7(2), 112-125. doi:10.1037/a0036573
- Clark, D. A., Spanierman, L. B., Reed, T. D., Soble, J. R., & Cabana, S. (2011). Documenting weblog expressions of racial microaggressions that target American Indians. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 4(1), 39-50. doi:10.1037/a0021762
- Clark, D. A., & Reed, T. D. (2010). The future we wish to see: Racialized communities studies and white racial anxiety and resentment. Black Scholar, 40(4), 37-49. doi:10.1080/00064246.2010.11413531
- Clark, D. A. & Powell, M. (2008). Resisting exile in the "land of the free": Indigenous groundwork at colonial intersections. American Indian Quarterly, 32(1), 1-15.
- Clark, D. A. (2007). "They hate us.... envy us.... want us only if we're dead," or, Black Hawk lives for your sins. Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, 100(3), 268-78.
- Clark, D. A. (2007). Decolonization matters. Wicazo Sa Review, 22(1), 101-18.
- Clark, D. A. & Yetman, N. (2005). "To feel the drumming earth come upward": Indigenizing the American studies discipline, field, movement. American Studies, 46(3-4), 7-21.
- Clark, D. A. (2005). Indigenous voice and vision as commodity in a mass-consumption society: The colonial politics of public opinion polling. American Indian Quarterly, 29(1), 228-238.
- Clark, D. A. (2001). Breaking iron bonds, elucidating fluid boundaries: 'Indians' in American studies. American Quarterly, 53(1), 156-164.
- Clark, D. A. (2000). "The number of tribes...right for him or her": Romancing imaginary "Indians" in On the Rez. American Indian Quarterly, 24(2), 299-305.
- Clark, D. A. (2000). "This side of the cornfield: Reform activism at Graceland College, 1965-1973." Annals of Iowa, 59(1), 35-69. doi:10.17077/0003-4827.10319
refereed book chapters
- Spanierman, L. B., & Clark, D. A. (2023). Racial microaggressions: Empirical research that documents targets’ experiences (pp. 231-249). In Diskriminierungs, N., & Polat, S. (Eds.), Rassismusforschung I: Theoretische und interdisziplinäre perspektiven (Vol. 73). Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag.
- Spanierman, L. B., & Clark, D. A. (2021). Taking White racial emotions seriously: Revisiting the costs of racism to White Americans. In D. Austin & B. Bowser (Eds.), Impacts of racism on White Americans (pp. 115-136). New York, NY: Palgrave.
- Clark, D. A., & Spanierman, L. B. (2018). "I didn't know that was racist": Costs of racial microaggressions to Whites in the United States. In G. C. Torino et al. (Eds.), Microaggression theory: Influence and implications (pp. 138-155). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
- Clark, D. A. (2014). "Rationally designed to further Indian self-government": American Indians and affirmative action. In J. I. Ross (Ed.), American Indians at risk (pp. 631-647). Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood.
- Spanierman, L. B., Garriott, P., & Clark, D. A. (2013). Whiteness and social class: Intersections and implications. In W. M. Liu (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of social class in counseling (pp. 394-410). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Clark, D. A. (2007). American Indian Peoples. In B. H. Johnson (Ed.), Making of the American West: People and perspectives (pp. 19-45). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
- Clark, D. A. (2005). Wa a o, wa ba ski na me ska ta! "Indian" mascots and the pathology of anti-indigenous racism. In A. Bass (Ed.), In the game: Race, identity, and sports in the twentieth century (pp. 137-166). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Clark, D. A. (2004). Not the end of the stories, not the end of the songs: Visualizing, signifying, counter-colonizing. In D. A. Mihesuah & A. C. Wilson, Indigenizing the academy: Transforming scholarship and empowering communities (pp. 218-232). Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press.
- Clark, D. A., & Nagel, J. (2001) White men, red masks: Appropriations of "Indian" manhood in imagined Wests. M. Basso, D. Garceau, & L. McCall (Eds.), Across the great divide: Cultures of manhood in the American West (pp. 109-130). New York, NY: Routledge.
- Clark, D. A., & Nagel, J. (2001). U.S. American Indian activist movements. In D. Champagne (Ed.), The Native North American almanac: A reference work on Native North Americans in the United States and Canada (pp. 565-592). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Research.
Courses
2025 Spring
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
HST 109 | United States to 1865 |
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
ENG 242 | Literature of US Post 1860 |
HST 310 | Film as History |
ENG 242 | Literature of US Post 1860 |
2024 Fall
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
HST 110 | United States Since 1865 |
HST 395 | Combat in Film |
ENG 395 | Combat in Film |
MVS 395 | Combat in Film |
FMP 395 | Combat in Film |
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
HST 109 | United States to 1865 |
CAP 316 | Combat Trauma |
CAP 316 | Combat Trauma |
2024 Summer
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
ENG 242 | Literature of US Post 1860 |
ENG 242 | Literature of US Post 1860 |
ENG 230 | Introduction to Film Studies |
ENG 230 | Introduction to Film Studies |
2024 Spring
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
HST 109 | United States to 1865 |
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
ENG 242 | Literature of US Post 1860 |
HST 310 | Film as History |
2023 Fall
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
HST 110 | United States Since 1865 |
HST 395 | Combat in Film |
ENG 395 | Combat in Film |
VTS 395 | Combat in Film |
FMP 395 | Combat in Film |
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
CAP 494 | Special Topics |
CAP 494 | Special Topics |
VTS 494 | Special Topics |
VTS 494 | Special Topics |
2023 Summer
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
ENG 242 | Literature of US Post 1860 |
PSY 304 | Effective Thinking |
CAP 494 | Special Topics |
VTS 494 | Special Topics |
VTS 494 | Special Topics |
CAP 494 | Special Topics |
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
2023 Spring
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
CAP 220 | Self in Multicultural Society |
CAP 220 | Self in Multicultural Society |
PSY 304 | Effective Thinking |
CAP 220 | Self in Multicultural Society |
PSY 493 | Honors Thesis |
2022 Fall
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
HST 110 | United States Since 1865 |
HST 395 | Combat in Film |
ENG 395 | Combat in Film |
VTS 395 | Combat in Film |
HST 395 | Combat in Film |
ENG 395 | Combat in Film |
CAP 220 | Self in Multicultural Society |
CAP 220 | Self in Multicultural Society |
FMP 395 | Combat in Film |
FMP 395 | Combat in Film |
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
ENG 242 | Literature of US Post 1860 |
2022 Summer
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
ENG 242 | Literature of US Post 1860 |
PSY 304 | Effective Thinking |
HST 394 | Special Topics |
ENG 394 | Special Topics |
VTS 394 | Special Topics |
VTS 394 | Special Topics |
PSY 304 | Effective Thinking |
2022 Spring
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
HST 325 | Immigration & Ethnicity in US |
HST 110 | United States Since 1865 |
ENG 242 | Literature of US Post 1860 |
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
PSY 304 | Effective Thinking |
2021 Fall
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
ENG 394 | Special Topics |
HST 306 | Studies in US History |
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
ENG 242 | Literature of US Post 1860 |
HST 110 | United States Since 1865 |
HST 340 | American Military History |
2021 Summer
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
ENG 242 | Literature of US Post 1860 |
PSY 304 | Effective Thinking |
HST 394 | Special Topics |
ENG 394 | Special Topics |
VTS 394 | Special Topics |
2021 Spring
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
HST 325 | Immigration & Ethnicity in US |
HST 110 | United States Since 1865 |
ENG 242 | Literature of US Post 1860 |
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
PSY 304 | Effective Thinking |
2020 Fall
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
ENG 394 | Special Topics |
HST 306 | Studies in US History |
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
ENG 242 | Literature of US Post 1860 |
HST 110 | United States Since 1865 |
HST 331 | Mexican American Hist to 1900 |
2020 Summer
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
ENG 242 | Literature of US Post 1860 |
PSY 304 | Effective Thinking |
2020 Spring
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
HST 325 | Immigration & Ethnicity in US |
HST 110 | United States Since 1865 |
ENG 242 | Literature of US Post 1860 |
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
2019 Fall
Course Number | Course Title |
---|---|
ENG 394 | Special Topics |
HST 204 | Historical Themes in the US |
HST 306 | Studies in US History |
ENG 241 | Literatures of the US to 1860 |
ENG 242 | Literature of US Post 1860 |
Consulting Editor, Journal of Diversity in Higher Education (2014-present)
Marine Scout Sniper Heritage Foundation Founding Board of Directors (2023) & Board of Directors (2024-present)
USMC Scout Sniper Association Board of Directors (2022-25)
Marine Scout Sniper Heritage Foundation Chief Administrative Officer (2024-present) & Member, Marine Scout Sniper War Memorial Committee and Fallen Marine Scout Sniper Research Subcommittee
USMC Scout Sniper Association Chief Administrative Officer (2022, 2023, 2024) and Vice President of History & Education (2022, 2023, 2024)
Veterans Studies Association Member, Academic Engagement & Small Grants Committee Member (2023-present) and 2024 Conference Planning Committee Member (2023-present)
TAPS, Tragedy Assistance Program for Survivors Military Mentor (2022-present)