Kong-Thon Tsen

Patents:

1. System and method for inactivating microorganisms with a femtosecond laser. Republic of South Africa (ZA). Published #: ZA zo1000380.
2. System and method for inactivating microorganisms with a femtosecond laser.

People’s Republic of China. Published #: CN101971008B.

Publications: books, edited Books, edited Proceedings, Book chapters and Journals:

 (A) Books and books edited:

(1) "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors" published by Springer-Verlag (New York, 2001).

(2) "Ultrafast Physical Processes in Semiconductors", published by Academic Press as the book Volume #67 in the series – “Semiconductors and Semimetals”, edited by R.K. Willardson and E.R. Weber (Boston, 2001).

(3) “Ultrafast Dynamical Processes in Semiconductors”, published as the book Volume #92 in the series – Topics in Applied Physics, by Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg, 2004).

(4) “Non-equilibrium Dynamics of Semiconductors and Nanostructures”, published by CRC Press, Inc. (New York, 2005)

(5) “Selective Photonic Disinfection: A Ray of Hope in the War Against Pathogens”, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen and Kong-Thon Tsen. IOP Concise Physics ebook (Morgan & Claypool publication, San Rafael, CA), 104 pages, 2016.

 (B) Proceedings edited:

(1)  Proc. of Photonic West’98 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors II", published by SPIE (with Harold R. Fetterman); Vol. 3277.

(2)  Proc. of Photonic West’99 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors III", published by SPIE; Vol. 3624;

(3) Proc. of Photonic West’00 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors IV", published by SPIE (with Jin-Joo Song); Vol. 3940;

(4) Proc. of Photonic West’01 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors V", published by SPIE (with Hong-Xing Jiang and Jin-Joo Song). Vol. #4280

(5) Proc. of Photonic West’02 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors VI", published by SPIE (with Hong-Xing Jiang and Jin-Joo Song). Vol. 4643.

(6) Proc. of Photonic West’03 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors VII", published by SPIE (with Hong-Xing Jiang and Jin-Joo Song). Vol. 4992.

(7) Proc. of Photonic West’04 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors and Nanostructures VIII", published by SPIE (with Hong-Xing Jiang and Jin-Joo Song), Vol.5352.

(8) Proc. of Photonic West’05 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors and Nanostructures IX", published by SPIE (with Hong-Xing Jiang and Jin-Joo Song), Vol. 5725.

(9) Proc. of Photonic West’06 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors and Nanostructures X", published by SPIE (with Hong-Xing Jiang and Jin-Joo Song), Vol. 6118.

(10) Proc. of Photonic West’07 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors and Nanostructures XI", published by SPIE (with Jin-Joo Song), Vol. 6471.

(11) Proc. of Photonic West’08 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors and Nanostructures XII", published by SPIE (with Jin-Joo Song), Vol. 6892.

(12) Proc. of Photonic West’09 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors and Nanostructures XIII", published by SPIE (with Jin-Joo Song), Vol. 7214.

(13) Proc. of Photonic West’10 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors and Nanostructures XIV", published by SPIE (with Jin-Joo Song), Vol. 7600.

(14) Proc. of Photonic West’11 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors and Nanostructures XV", published by SPIE (with Jin-Joo Song), Vol. 7937.

(15) Proc. of Photonic West’12 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors and Nanostructures XVI", published by SPIE (with Jin-Joo Song), Vol. 8260.

(16) Proc. of Photonic West’13 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors and Nanostructures XVII", published by SPIE (with M. Betz, A. Elezzabi and Jin-Joo Song), Vol. 8623.

(17) Proc. of Photonic West’14 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors and Nanostructures XVIII", published by SPIE (with M. Betz, A. Elezzabi and Jin-Joo Song), Vol. 8984.

(18) Proc. of Photonic West’15 Int. Sym. on "Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors and Nanostructures XX", published by SPIE (with M. Betz, A. Elezzabi), Vol. X.

(C) Book Chapters written:

(1) "Electron velocity overshoot, ballistic electron transport and non-equilibrium phonon dynamics in nanostructure semiconductors", in Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors, edited by K.T. Tsen (Springer-Verlag NY, 2001), p. 191-259.

(2)  "Ultrafast dynamics in wide bandgap wurtzite GaN", in Ultrafast Physical processes in semiconductors, edited by K.T. Tsen (Academic Press, Boston, 2001), p. 109-149.

(3)  "Time-resolved Raman studies of wide bandgap wurtzite GaN", in III-V nitride semiconductors : Optical properties , edited by O. Manasreh and H.X. Jiang (Taylor & Francis, New York, 2002). P. 85 – 134.

(4) “Time-resolved/transient Raman studies of electric-field-induced transient carrier transport in nanostructure  semiconductors”, in “Recent Research Developments in Raman Spetroscopy”, Vol. 1, edited by S.G. Pandalai (Transworld Research Network, Trivandrum, 2002). P. 123 – 160.

(5) “Optical studies of electric-field induced electron and hole transient transports and optical phonon instability in semiconductor nanostructures”, in “Ultrafast Dynamical Processes in Semiconductors”, edited by K.T. Tsen in the series – Topics in Applied Physics, by Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg, 2004), p. 193-258.

(6) “Non-equilibrium carrier dynamics in nitride based semiconductors”, in Non-equilibrium Dynamics of Semiconductors and Nanostructures”, edited by K.T. Tsen, (CRC Press, Inc. New York, 2005). p. 179-213.

(7) “Inactivation of viruses with femtosecond laser pulses” K.T. Tsen, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen, Eric C. Dykeman, Otto F. Sankey, and Juliann G. Kiang, in “Contemporary Trends in Bacteriophage Research” edited by Horace T. Adams (Nova Science Publishers, Inc). ISBN: 978-1-60692-181-4 (2009). P. 151-177.

D)  Journal publications:

(1) Two‑phonon Raman scattering probe of non‑equilibrium, high frequency acoustic phonons: The TA phonon Bottleneck in GaAs.  K.T. Tsen, D. Abramsohn and R. Bray.  Phys. Rev. B26, 4770‑4773 (1982).

(2) Critical evaluation of the light scattering spectrum for Single Particle Excitations in n‑GaAs at 300 K. D. Abramsohn, K.T. Tsen and R. Bray.  Phys. Rev. B26, 6571‑6587 (1982).

(3) Collision‑Narrowing of Raman spectrum for Spin‑Density Fluctuations of electrons in n‑GaAs. K.T. Tsen and R. Bray.  Solid State Communications 45, 685‑687 (1983).

(4) Raman probe of the large wavevector TA phonon Bottleneck in GaAs.  K.T. Tsen, D. Abramsohn and R. Bray,  Physica 117B & 118B, 543‑ 545 (1983).

(5) Electronic Raman Scattering from Carbon Acceptors in Undoped GaAs‑AlGaAs Multiple Quantum Well Heterostructures.  K.T. Tsen, J. Klem and H. Morkoc.  Solid State Communications 59, 537‑540 (1986).

(6) Population relaxation time of non‑equilibrium LO phonons and electron‑ phonon interactions in GaAs‑AlGaAs multiple quantum wells.  K.T. Tsen and H. Morkoc.  Phys. Rev. B34, 4412‑4414 (1986).

(7) Picosecond time‑resolved Raman studies of the expansion of electron‑hole plasma in GaAs‑AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures.  K.T. Tsen and H. Morkoc.  Phys. Rev. B34, 6018‑6021 (1986).

(8) Picosecond time‑resolved Raman studies of the expansion of electron‑hole plasma in Si.  K.T. Tsen. Phys. Rev. B35, 4134‑4136 (1987).

(9) Laser‑induced anti‑Stokes resonance Raman scattering: probe for energy transfer in center/CN‑ molecule defect‑pair in CsCl.  K.T. Tsen, G. Halama and F. Luty.  Phys. Rev. B36, 9247‑9252 (1987).

(10) Expansion of the electron‑hole plasma in Si: A picosecond time‑resolved Raman probe.  K.T. Tsen, O.F. Sankey.  Phys. Rev. B37, 4321‑4324  (1988).

(11) Picosecond Raman studies of the optical phonons in the AlGaAs layers of GaAs‑AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures.  K.T. Tsen and H. Morkoc.  Phys. Rev. B37, 7137‑7139 (1988).

(12) Subpicosecond time‑resolved Raman spectroscopy of LO phonons in GaAs‑ AlxGa1‑xAs multiple quantum well structures.  K.T. Tsen and H. Morkoc.  Phys. Rev. B38, 5615‑5616 (1988).

(13) Time‑resolved Raman scattering of non‑equilibrium LO phonons in GaAs quantum wells.  K.T. Tsen, R.P. Joshi, D.K. Ferry and H. Morkoc.  Phys. Rev. B39, 1446‑1449 (1989).

(14) Transport of the photoexcited electron‑hole plasma in GaAs quantum wells.  K.T. Tsen, O.F. Sankey, G. Halama, S.‑C.Y. Tsen and H. Morkoc.  Phys. Rev. B39, 6276‑6278 (1989). 

(15) Determination of the local Al concentration in the AlxGa1‑xAs‑GaAs quantum‑well structures with the (200) diffraction intensity.  H.‑J. Ou, S.‑C.Y. Tsen, K.T. Tsen, J.M. Cowley, J.I. Chyi, A. Salvador and H. Morkoc.  Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 1454‑1456 (1989).

(16) Experimental and theoretical studies of energy transfer in F‑center/OH‑ (OD‑) defect pairs in KCl. G. Halama, K.T. Tsen, S.H. Lin, F. Luty and J.B. Page.  Phys. Rev.B39, 13457‑13464 (1989).

(17) Transport of the photoexcited electron‑hole plasma in InP.  K.T. Tsen, G. Halama, O.F. Sankey and S.‑C.Y. Tsen.  Solid State Electronics, 32, 1331‑ 1335 (1989).

(18) Time‑resolved Raman studies of the photoexcited electron‑hole plasma in InP.  K.T. Tsen, G. Halama, O.F. Sankey, S.‑C.Y. Tsen and H. Morkoc.  Phys. Rev. B40, 8103‑8106 (1989). 

(19) Nature of energy transfer processes in F‑center/CN‑ defect paris in CsC1. G. Halama, S.H. Lin, K.T. Tsen, F. Luty and J.B. Page.  Phys. Rev. B41, 3136‑3144 (1990).

(20) Monte Carlo study of the transient expansion of photoexcited plasmas in bulk semiconductors: non‑equilibrium phonon effects.  R.P. Joshi, K.T. Tsen and D.K. Ferry.  Phys. Rev. B41, 9899‑9906 (1990).

(21) Transport properties of excitons in GaAs quantum well‑‑a time‑resolved Raman probe. K.T. Tsen, O.F. Sankey and H. Morkoc.  Appl. Phys. Letts. 57, 1666‑1668 (1990).

(22) Raman scattering by interface phonons in GaAs‑AlAs multiple quantum well structures‑‑correlation between Raman and Transmission Electron Microscope results.  K.T. Tsen, D. Smith and S.‑C.Y. Tsen and H. Morkoc.  J. Appl. Phys. 70, 418-423 (1991).

(23) Anti‑Stokes resonance Raman studies of energy transfer processes in F‑ center/CN‑ defect pairs in KBr.  G. Halama, K.T. Tsen, S.H. Lin, F. Luty and J.B. Page.  Phys. Rev. B44, 2040-2045 (1991).

(24) Electron‑optical phonon interactions in ultrathin GaAs‑AlAs multiple quantum well structures. K.T. Tsen, Keith R. Wald, Tobias Ruf, P.Y. Yu and H. Morkoc.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2557-2560 (1991).

(25) Transient time‑resolved Raman scattering in semiconductors:  Band‑ structure effects.  C.T. Chia, O.F. Sankey and K.T. Tsen.  Phys. Rev. B., 45, 6509-6516 (1992).

(26) Time-resolved Raman studies of non-equilibrium excitation in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs multiple quantum well structures (invited review paper).  K. T. Tsen.  Modern Physics Letters, B Vol. 6, #12, 703-716 (1992).

(27) Picosecond time‑resolved Raman studies of electron‑optical phonon interactions in ultrathin GaAs‑AlAs multiple quantum well structures.  K.T. Tsen.  Semiconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 7, B191-194 (1992).

(28) Theorietical study of time-resolved Raman scattering profiles of hot electrons in semiconductors. C. Chia, O. H. Sankey and K. T. Tsen.  J. Appl. Phys., 72, 4325-4335 (1992).

(29) Study of electron-phonon interaction in quantum wells using optically excited non-equilibrium population of phonon.  T. Ruf, K. Wald, P. Y. Yu, K. T. Tsen, H. Morkoc and K. T. Chan. Superlattices  and Microstructures 13, 203 (1993).

(30) Direct measurements of electron-optical phonon scattering rates in ultrathin GaAs-AlAs multiple quantum well structures.  K. T. Tsen, R. Joshi and H. Morkoc. Appl. Phy. Letts. 62, 2075-2077 (1993).

(31) Analysis of Single-particle scattering spectra due to spin-density fluctuations in n-GaAs.  K. T. Tsen, C. Chia and O. F. Sankey.  J. Appl. Phys. 73, 3023-3027 (1993).

(32) Theoretical studies of transient Raman scattering of electrons in semiconductors.  C. Chia, O. F. Sankey and K. T. Tsen.  Modern Phys. Letts.  B, Vol. 7, No. 6, 331-353 (1993).

(33) Population relaxation time of optical phonons in GaAs-AlAs MQWS. K.T. Tsen, C. Chia, J. West, and H. Morkoc.  Modern Phys. Letts.  B, Vol 7, No. 13814, 887-893 (1993).

(34) Electron-optical phonon interactions in polar semiconductor quantum wells. K. T. Tsen (Invited review paper) Int. J. of Modern Phys. B Vol. 7, No. 25, 4165-4185 (1993).

(35) Critical analysis of the band-shape function of a molecular system imbedded in a host crystal – application to F- Centers. J. West, S.H. Lin and K. T. Tsen, J. of Chem. Phys. 99, 7574-7585 (1993).

(36) Picosecond Raman studies of electric-field-induced non-equilibruim carrier distributions in GaAs – based p-i-n nanostructure semiconductors. E. Grann, S.J. Sheih, C. Chia, K.T.Tsen, O.F. Sankey, S. Gunser, D.K. Ferry, G. Maracus, R. Droopad, A. Salvador, A. Botcharev, H. Morkoc. Appl. Phys. Lett.  64, 1230-1232 (1994).

(37) Absorption-line-shape model for F-Center/CN- molecule defect pairs in CsCl. J. West, K.T. Tsen, S.H. Lin.  Phys. Rev. B50, 9759-9766 (1994).

(38) Transient Raman studies of high-field electron transport in polar semiconductors.  E.D. Grann, S.J. Sheih, K.T. Tsen, O. F. Sankey, S.E. Gunser, D.K. Ferry, A. Salvador, A. Botcharev and H. Morkoc. Phys. Rev. B51, 1631-1641 (1995).

(39) Non-equilibrium electron distribution and high-field electron transport in an AlGaAs based p-i-n nanostructure semiconductor - a picosecond Raman probe. E.D. Grann. S.J. Sheih, K.T. Tsen, S.E. Guncer, D.K. Ferry, A. Salvador, A. Botcharev and H. Morkoc. IEEE J. of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol.1, No.4, 1093-1099 (1995). 

(40) Election velocity ovbershoot in a GaAs-based p-i-n nanostructure semiconductor observed by transient sub-picosecond Raman spectroscopy. E.D. Grann, K.T. Tsen, O.F. Sankey, D.K. Ferry, A. Salvador, A. Botcharev and H. Morkoc. Appl. Phys. Letts. 67, 1760-1762 (1995).

(41) Electron-phonon interactions in the wide bandgap semoconductor GaN, S.J. Sheih, K.T. Tsen, D. K, Ferry, A. Botchkarev, B. Sverdlov, A. Salvador, H. Morkoc.  Appl. Phys. Letts. 67, 1757-1759 (1995).

(42)  Picosecond time-resolved Raman studies of the confined optical phonons in short period GaAs-AlAs multiple quantum well structures, K.T. Tsen, J. of Raman Spectroscopy 27, 277-279 (1996).

(43) Study of the absorption spectrum of F-center/OH¯ defect pairs in CsCl, CsI and CsBr, J. West, K.T. Tsen and S.H. Lin. Modern Physics Letters B, Vol.9, No. 26 and 27, 1759-1769 (1995).

(44) Non-equilibrium phonon dynamics and electron-distribution functions in InP and InAs studied by subpicosecond Raman spectroscopy. E.D. Grann, K.T. Tsen and D.K. Ferry, Phys. Rev. B53, 9847-9851 (1996).

(45) Electron-phonon interactions in solid C60 studied by transient picosecond Raman spectroscopy. K.T. Tsen, E.D. Grann, S. Guha and J. Menendez, Appl. Phys. Letts., 68, 1051-1053 (1996).

(46) Electron velocity overshoot and non-equilibrium phonons in GaAs-based p-i-n nanostructure semiconductor studied by transient subpicosecond Raman spectroscopy, E. D. Grann, K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, A. Salvador, A. Botcharev, H. Morkoc. Phys. Rev. B53, 9838-9846 (1996).

(47) Transient picosecond and subpicosecond Raman studies of non-equilibrium phonons and electron distributions in CdTe. E. Grann, Y. Chen, K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, T. Almeiba, Y.P. Chen, S. Sivananthan, J. Appl. Phys. 80, 3840-3843 (1996).

(48). Non-equlibrium electron distributions and phonon dynamics in wurtzite GaN. K.T. Tsen, R.P. Joshi, D.K. Ferry, A. Botcharev, B. Sverdlov, A. Salvador and H. Morkoc, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 2990-2992 (1996).

(49). Transient subpicosecond Raman studies of electron velocity overshoot in an InP p-i-n nanostructure semiconductor. K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, J.S. Wang, C.H. Huang and H.H. Lin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 3575-3577 (1996).

(50). Direct observation of electron velocity overshoot in an InP-based p-i-n nanostructure semiconductor -- a subpicosecond Raman probe. K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, J.S. Wang, C.H. Haung, H.H. Lin. Phys. Stat. Sol. (b), 204, 117-120 (1997).

(51) Subpicosecond time-resolved Raman studies of non-equilibrium excitations in wide bandgap GaN. K.T. Tsen, R.P. Joshi and D.K. Ferry, Phys. Stat. Sol.(b), 204, 106-109 (1997).

(52). Quantitative assessment of the effects of carrier screening on the average electric field in a GaAs-based p-i-n nanostructure under subpicosecond laser excitation. K.T. Tsen, R.P. Joshi, A. Salvador, A. Botcharev and H. Morkoc,  J. Appl. Phys. 81, 406-408 (1997).

(53). Field-induced electron transport and phonon dynamics in a GaAs-based p-i-n nanostructure --- a subpicosecond time-resolved Raman probe, E.D. Grann, K.T. Tsen. D.K. Ferry, A. Salvador, A. Botcharev and H. Morkoc. Physical Review B, 56, 9539-9544 (1997).

(54). Direct measurements of electron-longitudinal optical phonon scattering rates in wurtzite GaN, K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, A. Botcgkarev, B. Averdlov, A. Salvodor and H.Morkoc. Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 1852-1853 (1997).

(55). Microstructual study of Mg-doped p-typed GaN -- Correlation between High-resolution Electron Microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, S.-C.Y. Tsen, D.J. Smith, K.T. Tsen. W. Kim and H. Morkoc. J. Applied Physics 82, 6008-6011 (1997).

(56) Non-equilibrium electron distributions and electron-LO phonon interactions in wurtzite GaN. K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry , A. Botchkarev, B. Sverdlov, A. Savador, and H. Morkoc, J. Electronic Materials 27, 166 (1998).

(57) Picosecond Raman studies of the electron-phonon interactions in -- non-monotonic dependence upon the alloy composition. K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, A.Salvador and H. Morkoc, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4807-4810 (1998).

(58) Time-resolved Raman studies of the decay of the longitudinal optical phonons in wurtzite GaN. K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, A. Botchkarev, B. Sverdlov, A. Salvador and H. Morkoc, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 2132-2134 (1998).

(59) Ensemble Monte Carlo simulation of optical excitations of AlGaAs, L. Shifren, D.K. Ferry, K.T. Tsen, Physica B272, 419-421 (1999).

(60) Ballistic electron transport in InP observed by subpicosecond time-resolved Raman spectroscopy, K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, J.S. Wang, C.H. Huang, H.H. Lin, Physica B272, 416-418 (1999).

(61) Decay of the longitudinal optical phonons in wurtzite GaN and AlGaN, K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, S.M. Goodnick, A. Salvador, H. Morkoc, Physica B272, 406-408 (1999).

(62) Electronic Raman scattering from Mg-doped wurtzite GaN. K.T. Tsen, C. Koch, Y. Chen, H. Morkoc, J. Li, J.Y. Lin, H-X. Jiang, Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research (by MRS, 2000), F99W11.42.

(63) Observation of electronic Raman scattering from Mg-doped wurtzite GaN. K.T. Tsen, C. Koch, Y. Chen, H. Morkoc, J. Li, J.Y. Lin, H-X. Jiang, Appl. Phys. Lett., 76, 2889 (2000).

(64) Density-dependent variation of the relative strength of the dual polar optical modes in AlGaAs as detected by Raman scattering. L. Shifren, D.K. Ferry and K.T. Tsen, Phys. Rev. B62, 15379-15382 (2000).

(65) Hall mobility and carrier concentration in free-standing high quality GaN templates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy, D. Huang, F. Yun, A. Reshchikov, D. Wang, H. Morkoc, D.L. Rode, L.A. Farina, C. Kurdak, K.T. Tsen, S.S. Park, K.Y. Lee, Solid State Electronics Vol. 45(5), 711-715 (2001).

(66) Picosecond Raman scattering studies of non-equilibrium electron distributions and energy loss rate in InGaAsN. Y. Chen and K.T. Tsen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3094-3096 (2001).

(67) Studies of field-induced transient hole transport in an AlGaAs-based p-i-n nanostructure by picosecond Raman spectroscopy, Y. Chen, K.T. Tsen and O.F. Sankey, D.K. Ferry, Phys. Rev. B64, 195331-1 – 195331-7, 2001.

(68) Studies of carrier dynamics in InGaAsN by picosecond Raman spectroscopy, K.T. Tsen, Y. Chen, Physica B314, 297 (2002).

(69) Picosecond Raman studies of field-induced transient hole transport in an AlGaAs-based p-i-n nanostructure, Y. Chen, K.T. Tsen and O.F. Sankey, D.K. Ferry. Physica B314, 278 (2002).

(70) Simultaneous observation of electron and hole velocity overshoots in an AlGaAs-based p-i-n semiconductor nanostructure. W. Liang, H. Lee, K.T. Tsen, O.F. Sankey, D.K. Ferry, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3999-4001 (2002).

(71) Studies of field-induced nonequilibrium electron transport in an InGaN epilayer grown on GaN, W. Liang,, K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, K.H. Kim, J.Y. Lin and H.X. Jiang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1413 (2003)  

(72) Observation of optical phonon instability induced by drifting electrons in semiconductor nanostructures, W.Liang, K.T. Tsen, O.F. Sankey, S.M. Komirenko, K.W. Kim, V.A. Kochelap, Meng-Chyi Wu, Chong-Long Ho and Wen-Jeng Ho, H. Morkoc, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1968 (2003).

(73) Large electric-field induced electron drift velocity observed in an InGaAs-based p-i-n semiconductor nanostructure at T = 300 K, W. Liang, K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, Meng-Chyi Wu, Chong-Long Ho and Wen-Jeng Ho, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 1438-1440 (2003).

(74) Field-induced non-equilibrium electron transport in an InGaN epilayer grown on GaN studied by subpicosecond Raman spectroscopy, W. Liang, K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, K.H. Kim, J.Y. Lin and H.X. Jiang,  Semiconductor Science Technology 19, S427 (2004).

(75) Observation of electron and hole velocity overshoots in an AlGaAs-based p-i-n semiconductor nanostructure, W. Liang, K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, Semiconductor Science Technology 19, S20 (2004).

(76) Relatively large electric-field induced electron drift velocity observed in an InGaAs-based p-i-n semiconductor nanostructure, W. Liang, K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, Meng-Chyi Wu, Chong-Long Ho, Wen-Jeng Ho, Semiconductor Science Technology 19, S23 (2004).

(77) Carrier dynamics in InGaAsN, K.T. Tsen, J. Physics (Condensed Matter) 16, S3333-S3343 (2004)

(78) Field-induced non-equilibrium electron distribution and electron transport in a high-quality InN thin film grown on GaN, W. Liang, K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, Hai Lu, and W.J. Schaff, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3681 (2004).

(79) Observation of non-equilibrium LO phonons in InN and its implications. W. Liang, K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, Hai Lu, and W.J. Schaff, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3849 (2004).

(80) Coherent longitudinal optical phonon and plasmon coupling in the near surface region of InN, Y.-M. Chang, C. T. Chuang, C. T. Chia, K.T. Tsen, H. Lu and W. J. Schaff, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5224 (2004).

(81) Non-equilibrium carrier transport in a high-quality InN film grown on GaN, W. Liang, K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, C. Poweleit, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen, Hai Lu, William J. Schaff, Physica Status Solidi (c) 2, 2297-2300 (2005).

(82) Detection of non-equilibrium longitudinal optical phonons in InN and its consequences, W. Liang, K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, C. Poweleit, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen, Hai Lu, William J. Schaff, Physica Status Solidi (c) 2, 2324-2327 (2005).

(83) Optical studies of carrier dynamics and non-equilibrium optical phonons in nitride-based wide bandgap semiconductors (A review), K.T. Tsen, W. Liang, D.K. Ferry, Hai Lu, William J. Schaff, U. Ozgur, Y. Fu, Y.T. Moon, F. Yun, H. Morkoc, H.O. Everitt, Superlattices and Microstructures, 38, 77-114 (2005).

 (84) Transient picosecond Raman studies of electron and hole velocity overshoots in a GaAs-based p-i-n semiconductor nanostructures, W. Liang , K. T. Tsen, C. Poweleit,  J.M. Barker, D.K. Ferry, H. Morkoc, J. of Physics : Condensed Matters  17, 1679-1686 (2005).

(85) Observation of large electron drift velocities in InN by ultrafast Raman spectroscopy, K.T. Tsen, C. Poweleit, D.K. Ferry, Hai Lu, William J. Schaff,  Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 222103-222103-3 (2005).

(86) Optical studies of high-field carrier transport of InN thick film grown on GaN, K.T. Tsen, C. Poweleit, D.K. Ferry, Hai Lu, William J. Schaff, J. Crystal Growth, 288, 289-293 (2006).

(87) Enhancement of bandgap emission stimulated by defect loss, H.Y. Lin, C.L. Cheng, Y.Y. Chou, L.L. Huang, Y.F. Chen and K.T. Tsen, Optics Express, Vol. 14, 2372-2379 (2006).

(88)  Lycopene is more potent than beta carotene in the neutralization of singlet oxygen: role of energy transfer probed by ultrafast Raman spectroscopy, K.T. Tsen, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen and Juliann G. Kiang, J. Biomedical Optics, 11, 064025-1-064025-6 (2006).

(89)  Subpicosecond time-resolved Raman studies of LO phonons in GaN: Dependence on photoexcited carrier density. K.T. Tsen, Juliann G. Kiang, D.K. Ferry and H. Morkoc, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 112111 (2006).

(90)  Subpicosecond Raman studies of electric-field-induced optical phonon instability in an-based semiconductor nanostructure. K.T. Tsen, Juliann G. Kiang, D.K. Ferry, V.A. Kochelap, S.M. Komirenko, K.W. Kim and H. Morkoc. J. Phys: Condensed Matter, 18, 7961-7974 (2006).

(91) Biology of Hypoxia. Juliann G. Kiang and K.T. Tsen, Chinese J. Physiology, 49, 1-11 (2006).

(92)  Observation of the low frequency vibrational modes of bateriophage M13 in water by Raman spectroscopy. K.T. Tsen, E.C. Dykeman, O.F. Sankey, Nien-Tsung Lin, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen and Juliann G. Kiang, Virology J. 3: 79, 1-11 (2006).

(93)  Raman scattering studies of the low frequency vibrational modes of bateriophage M13 in water – observation of an axial torsion mode. K.T Tsen, E.C. Dykeman, O.F. Sankey, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen, Nien-Tsung Lin and Juliann G. Kiang, Nanotechnology, 17, 5474-5479 (2006).

(94)  Subpicosecond time-resolved Raman studies of field-induced transient transport in an-based p-i-n semiconductor nanostructure, K.T. Tsen, Juliann G. Kiang, D.K. Ferry and H. Morkoc, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 262101-1-262101-3 (2006).

(95)  Subpicosecond transient Raman scattering studies of field-induced electron transport in an-based p-i-n nanostructure: Direct observation of the effects of electron momentum randomization. K.T. Tsen, Juliann G. Kiang and D.K. Ferry, J. Phys.: Condensed Matter, 18, L585 - L 592 (2006).

(96)  Probing the low frequency vibrational modes of viruses with Raman scattering – bacteriophage M13 in water. K.T. Tsen, E.C. Dykeman, O.F. Sankey, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen, Nien-Tsung Lin and Juliann G. Kiang, J. Biomedical Optics, 12, 024009-1-014009-6 (2007).

(97)  Direct measurements of the lifetimes of longitudinal optical phonon modes and their dynamics in InN, K.T. Tsen, J.G. Kiang, D.K. Ferry, H. Lu, W.J. Schaff, H-W Lin and S. Gwo, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 152107-1-152107-3 (2007).

(98) Subpicosecond time-resolved Raman studies of electron-longitudinal optical phonon interactions in InN, K.T. Tsen, J.G. Kiang, D.K. Ferry, H. Lu, W.J. Schaff, H-W Lin and S. Gwo, Appl. Phys. Lett, 90, 172108-1-172108-3 (2007).

(99) Inactivation of viruses by coherent excitations with a low power visible femtosecond laser, K.T. Tsen, S-W D. Tsen, C-L Chang, C-F Hung, T.C. Wu and J.G. Kiang, Virology J. 4, 50-1 -- 50-5 (2007)

(100) Inactivation of viruses by laser-driven coherent excitations via impulsive stimulated Raman scattering process, K.T. Tsen, S-W D. Tsen, C-L Chang, C-F Hung, T.C. Wu and J.G. Kiang, J. Biomedical Optics, 12, 064030 (1-6), 2007.

(101) Electron-density dependence of LO phonon lifetime in InN studied by subpicosecond time-resolved Raman spectroscopy, K.T. Tsen, J.G. Kiang, D.K. Ferry, H. Lu, W.J. Schaff, H-W Lin and S. Gwo, J. Physics: Condensed Matter, 19, 236219-1 – 236219-8 (2007).

(102) Inactivation of viruses with a very low power visible femtosecond laser.  K.T. Tsen, S-W D. Tsen, C-L Chang, C-F Hung, T.C. Wu and J.G. Kiang, J. Physics: Condensed Matter (FTC), 19, 322102-1- 322102-9 (2007).

(103) Geldanamycin inhibits hemorrhage-induced increases in caspase-3 activity: Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase. J.G. Kiang, P.D. Bowman, X. Lu, Y. Li, B.W. Loh, K.T. Tsen and G.C. Tsokos, J. Appl. Physiol. 103:1045-1055 (2007).

(104) Studies of Stokes shift in InGaN alloys, Y.H. Huang, C.L. Cheng, T.T. Chen, Y.F. Chen and K.T. Tsen, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 103521-1-103521-4 (2007).

(105) Raman intensity and spectra predictions for cylindrical viruses, E.C. Dykeman, O.F. Sankey, K.T. Tsen, Phys. Rev. E 76, 011906-1- 011906-12 (2007).

(106) Selective inactivation of microorganisms with near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses, K.T. Tsen, S-W D. Tsen, O.F. Sankey and J.G. Kiang, J Phys: Condensed Matter (FTC)19,472201-1—472201-7 (2007).

(107) Selective inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus with subpicosecond near-infrared laser  pulses KT Tsen, Shaw-Wei D Tsen, Chien-FuHung, T-CWu and Juliann G Kiang, J. Phys.: Condensed Matter (FTC) 20, 252205 (2008).

(108) Studies of electron-phonon and phonon-phonon interactions in InN with ultrafast Raman spectroscopy, K.T. Tsen and D.K. Ferry, J. Phys.: Condensed Matter, 21, 174202 (7pp) (2009).

(109) Simulations of impulsive laser scattering to destroy virions: Breaking up M13 bacteriophage, E.C. Dykeman, D. Benson, K.T. Tsen and O.F. Sankey, Phys. Rev. E 80, 041909 (10 pp) (2009).

(110) Photonic approach to the selective inactivation of viruses with a near-infrared subpicosecond fiber laser, K.T. Tsen, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen, Q. Fu, S.M. Lindsay, K. Kibler, B. Jacobs, T-C Wu, B. Karanam, S. Jagu, R. Roden, C-F Hung, O. Sankey, B. Ramakrishna, J.G. Kiang,  J. Biomedical Optics 14, 064042 (7 pages) (2009).

(111) Selective inactivation of viruses with femtosecond laser pulses and its potential use for in vitro therapy. Shaw-Wei D. Tsen, Yu-Shan D. Tsen, K.T. Tsen and T.C. Wu, Journal of Healthcare Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, 185-196 (2010).

(112) Studies of inactivation of encephalomyocarditis virus, M13 bacteriophage, and Salmonella typhimurium by using a visible femtosecond laser: insight into the possible inactivation mechanisms, Kong T. Tsen, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen, Qiang Fu, Stuart M. Lindsay, Zhe Li, Stephanie Cope, Sara Vaiana, and Juliann G. Kiang, J. Biomedical Optics, 16, 078003  (8 pages) (2011).

(113) Prospects for a novel ultrashort pulsed laser technology for pathogen inactivation, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen, T.C. Wu, J.G. Kiang and K.T. Tsen, J. Biomedical Science 19:62 (2012).

(114) Inactivation of enveloped virus by laser-driven protein aggregation, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen, Travis Chapa, Wandy Beatty, Kong-Thon Tsen, Dong Yu, Samuel Achilefu, J. Biomedical Optics, 17(12), 128002 (2012).

(115) Studies of inactivation mechanism of non-enveloped icosahedral virus by a visible ultrashort pulsed laser, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen, David H. Kingsley, Christian Poweleit, Samuel Achilefu, Douglas S. Soroka, T.C. Wu and Kong-Thon Tsen. Virology Journal 11:20 (2014).

(116) Ultrashort pulsed laser treatment inactivates viruses by inhibiting viral replication and transcription in the host nucleus, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen, Travis Chapa, Wandy Beatty, Baogang Xu , Kong-Thon Tsen, Samuel Achilefu. Antiviral Research 110 (2014) 70–76.

(117) Pathogen Reduction in Human Plasma Using an Ultrashort Pulsed Laser. Shaw-Wei D. Tsen, David H. Kingsley, Karen Kibler, Bert Jacobs, Sara Sizemore, Sara M. Vaiana, Jeanne Anderson, Kong-Thon Tsen, Samuel Achilefu. PLOS ONE 9(11): e111673 (2014).

(118) Inhibition of Escherichia coli respiratory enzymes by short visible femtosecond laser irradiation. Chieh-Han Lu, Kung-Hsuan Lin, Yung-Yuan Hsu, Kong-Thon Tsen and Yung-Shu Kuan. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 315402 (2014).

(119) Chemical-free inactivated whole influenza virus vaccine prepared by ultrashort pulsed laser treatment, Shaw-Wei David Tsen, Nisha Donthi, Victor La, Wen-Han Hsieh, Yen-Der Li, Jayne Knoff, Alexander Chen, Tzyy-Choou Wu, Chien-Fu Hung, Samuel Achilefu, Kong-Thon Tsen. Journal of Biomedical Optics 20(5), 051008 (2015).

(120) An updated report of the ultrashort pulsed laser technology and its perspectives in biomedical applications, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen and Kong-Thon Tsen, SM J. Biomedical Engineering 1(1): 1002 (2015).

(121) Selective photonic disinfection of cell culture using a visible ultrashort pulsed laser, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen, Karen Kibler, Bert Jacobs, Justin C. Fay, N.P. Podolnikova, T.P. Ugarova, Samuel Achilefu, Kong-Thon Tsen, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 33, No. 3, 7100508 (2016).

(121) Selective photonic disinfection of cell culture using a visible ultrashort pulsed laser, Shaw-Wei D. Tsen, Karen Kibler, Bert Jacobs, Justin C. Fay, N.P. Podolnikova, T.P. Ugarova, Samuel Achilefu, Kong-Thon Tsen, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 33, No. 3, 7100508 (2016).