Robert Williams

Robert Williams

Professor Emeritus,
School of Human Evolution and Social Change
Other ASU affiliations
Emeritus Professor, Emeritus College
  • [email protected]
  • Phone: 602-615-5040
  • ‌
Biography Research Teaching Public Work Industry Experience
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Long Bio

Robert C. Williams received his doctoral degree from the University of Michigan and trained as an National Institutes of Health postdoctoral fellow for two years at the Department of Human Genetics in the University of Michigan Medical School. His research areas are the genetics of American Indians, transplantation genetics, genetic epidemiology and evolution. He has collaborated with the intramural section of the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, in Phoenix, since 1979 and has participated in their research on the diabetes and genetics of the Pima Indians. He and his colleagues published the first large genetic study that supported a 3-migration model of New World occupation. Williams helped develop the HLA genetic system while a consultant director of the transplantation genetics (HLA) laboratory at Blood Systems, Inc. He participated in international HLA workshops and defined 5 new HLA genetic variants in American Indians. Recently he has participated in the development of mathematical algorithms for the estimation of individual admixture in humans and has related these estimates to the risk of diabetes and obesity in the Gila River Indian Community.

Education

Ph.D. University of Michigan

CV
Curriculum Vitae
Research Website URL
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Robert-Williams-52
Research Interests

HLA genetics and disease associations; Transplantation genetics; American Indian Genetics and History

Publications

71. Robert C. Williams, Robert L. Hanson, Bjoern Peters, Kendall Kearns, William C. Knowler,Clifton Bogardus, Leslie J. Baier. Epistasis between HLA-DRB1*16:02:01 and SLC16A11 T-C-G-T-T reduces odds for Type 2 Diabetes in Southwest American Indians. June 2024, Diabetes 2024;73:1002–1011; https://doi.org/10.2337/db23-0925.

 

70. Robert C. Williams, Cigdem Koroglu, William C. Knowler, Alan R. Shuldiner, Nehal Gosalia, Cristopher Van Hout, Robert L. Hanson, Clifton Bogardus, Leslie J. Baier. Next Generation Sequencing for HLA Loci in Full Heritage Pima Indians of Arizona, Part II: HLA-A, -B, and -C with Selected Non-Classical Loci at 4-Field Resolution from Whole Genome Sequences. Human Immunology 2021; 82:385-403; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2021.03.013.

 

69. Robert C. Williams, William C. Knowler, Alan R. Shuldiner, Nehal Gosalia, Cristopher Van Hout, Regeneron Genetics Center, Robert L. Hanson, Clifton Bogardus, Leslie Baier. Next Generation Sequencing and the Classical HLA Loci in Full Heritage Pima Indians of Arizona: Defining the Core HLA Variation for North American Paleo-Indians. Human Immunology 2019; 80:955-965. Open Access: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2019.10.002.

 

68. R.C. Williams, L.J. West, G. Opelz. The Risk of Failure with HLA Mismatch and Recipient Age in First Pediatric (<18 years) Kidney Transplants. Transplantation Direct 2018; 1-10. 2018;4: e365; doi: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000000801.

 

67. Wen-Chi Hsueh, P.H. Bennett, J. Esparza-Romero, R. Urquidez-Romero, M.E. Valencia, E. Ravussin, R.C. Williams, W.C. Knowler, L.J. Baier, L.O. Schulz, R.L. Hanson. Analysis of type 2 diabetes and obesity genetic variants in Mexican Pima Indians: marked allelic differentiation from U.S. Pimas at HLA. Annals of Human Genetics 2018; 1-13. DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12252.

 

66. R.C. Williams, G. Opelz, C.J. McGarvey, E.J. Weil, H.A. Chakkera. The Risk of Transplant Failure with HLA Mismatch in First Adult Kidney Allografts 2: living donors, summary, guide. Transplantation Direct, 3(5):e152, May 2017; DOI: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000000664

 

65. R.C. Williams, G. Opelz, E.J. Weil, C.J. McGarvey, H.A. Chakkera. The Risk of Transplant Failure with HLA Mismatch in Recent Times. Transplantation, 100(9):e52-3. September 2016;  DOI:10.1097/TP.00000000000013655.

 

64. R.C. Williams, R.C. Elston, P. Kumar, W.C. Knowler, H.E. Abboud, S. Adler, D.W. Bowden, J. Divers, B.I. Freedman, R.P. Igo Jr., E. Ipp, S.K. Iyengar, P.L. Kimmel, M.J. Klag, O. Kohn, C.D. Langefeld, D.J. Leehey, R.G. Nelson, S.B. Nicholas, M.V. Pahl, R.S. Parekh, J.I. Rotter, J.R. Schelling, J.R. Sedor, V.O. Shah, M.W. Smith, K.D. Taylor, F. Thameem, D. Thornley-Brown, C.A. Winkler, X. Guo, P. Zager, R.L. Hanson and the FIND Research Group. Selecting SNPs Informative for African, American Indian and European Ancestry: application to the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND). BMC Genomics 2016; 17:325. DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2654-x 

URL http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/17/325

 

63. R.C. Williams, G. Opelz, C.J. McGarvey, E.J. Weil, H.A. Chakkera. The Risk of Transplant Failure with HLA Mismatch in First Adult Kidney Allografts from Deceased Donors. Transplantation, May 2016; 100:1094-1102. DOI:10.1097/TP.0000000000001115.

 

62. R.C. Williams, Y.L. Muller, R.L. Hanson, W.C. Knowler, C.C. Mason, L. Bian, V. Ossowski, K. Wiedrich, Y.F. Chen, S. Marcovina, J. Hahnke, R.G. Nelson, L.J. Baier, C. Bogardus. HLA-DRB1 reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus by increased insulin secretion. Diabetologia 54:1684-1692, 2011.

 

61. R.C. Williams, L.T. Nash, C.J. Scarry, E.N. Videan, and J. Fritz. Factors affecting wounding aggression in a colony of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Zoo Biology 29:351-364, 2010.

 

60. R.C. Williams, Y.F. Chen, R.O. Endres, D. Middleton, M. Trucco, J.D. Williams, and W.C. Knowler. Molecular variation at the HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 loci in full heritage American Indians in Arizona: Private haplotypes and their evolution. Tissue Antigens 74:520-533, 2009.

 

59. S. Kleinman, J.D. Williams, G. Robertson, S. Caglioti, R.C. Williams, R. Spizman, L.

Morgan, P. Tomasulo, and M. Busch. West Nile virus testing experience in 2007: evaluation of different criteria for triggering individual-donation nucleic acid testing. Transfusion 49: 1160-1170, 2009.

 

58. J.F. Martin and R.C. Williams. Female genital cutting and mother’s age at birth are associated with the sex of the offspring in Africa. Biodemography and Social Biology 54:141-151, 2009.

 

57. K. Faccia and R.C. Williams. Schmorl’s nodes: Clinical significance and implications for the bioarchaeological record. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 18:28-44, 2008.

 

56. Z. Lombard, D-L. Dalton, P.A. Venter, R.C. Williams, and L. Bornman. Association of HLA-DR, -DQ and vitamin D receptor alleles and haplotypes with tuberculosis in the Venda of South Africa. Human Immunology 67:643-654, 2006.

 

55. M.W. Tocheri, M.W. Marzke, R.C. Williams, and A. Razdan. Comparative and functional anatomy of the trapezium and trapezoid in extant hominids: I. Relative articular and nonarticular surface areas. Journal of Human Evolution 49:570-586, 2005.

 

54. J.D. McAuley, S. Caglioti, R.C. Williams, G.F. Robertson, L. Morgan, L.H. Tobler, and M.P. Busch. Clinical significance of non-discriminated reactive results using the Chiron Procleix HIV-1/HCV assay. Transfusion 44:91-96, 2004.

 

53. R.C. Williams. The mind of primitive anthropologists: Hemoglobin and HLA, patterns of molecular evolution. Human Biology 75(4):577-584, 2003.

 

52. M.W. Tocheri, M.W. Marzke, D. Liu, M. Bae, G.P. Jones, R.C. Williams, and A. Razdan. Functional capabilities of modern and fossil hominid hands: 3D analysis of trapezia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 122(2):101-112, 2003.

 

51. J. Rousseau, R.C. Williams, and P. Creemers. HLA-DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 and DPB1 polymorphisms in Namibian Khoi and San and in the Xhosa and South African mixed- ancestry populations. South African Journal of Science 99:1-9, 2003.

 

50. R.E. Eckman, R.C. Williams, and C. Nagoshi. Marital Assortment for Genetic Similarity. Journal of Biosocial Science 34:511-523, 2002.

 

49.  R.C. Williams, J.C. Long, R.L. Hanson, M.L. Sievers, and W.C. Knowler.  Individual estimates of European genetic admixture associated with lower body mass index, plasma glucose, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians. The American Journal of Human Genetics 66:527-538, 2000. 

 

48.  M. Tseng, R.C. Williams, K.R. Maurer, M.S. Schanfield, W.C. Knowler, and J.E. Everhart.  Genetic admixture and gallbladder disease in Mexican Americans. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 106:361-371, 1998.

 

47.  R.C. Williams, C. Jersild, M.L. Schroeder, K. Oen, R. Steffensen, J.D. McAuley, and W.C. Knowler.  Report of the North American region, anthropology workshop, in D. Charron, Editor, HLA, Genetic Diversity of HLA.  Functional and Medical Implications, Volume I, (EDK Publishers, Paris) pp. 334-336, 1997.

 

46.  E. Martinez-Naves, L.D. Barber, J.A. Madrigal, C.M. Vullo, C. Clayberger, S.-C. Lyu, R.C. Williams, C. Gorodezky, T. Markow, M.L. Petzl-Erler, P. Parham.  Interactions of HLA-B*4801 with peptide and CD8.  Tissue Antigens 50:258-264, 1997.

 

45.  C. Raffoux, R.C. Williams,  and C. Gorodezky.  Report of Antigen Society 7 (B12, B13, B21, B37, B40, B41, B48), in D. Charron, Editor, HLA, Genetic Diversity of HLA.  Functional and Medical Implications, Volume I, (EDK Publishers, Paris) pp. 69-72, 1997.

 

44.  J.F. Williamson, Z. Layrisse, L.T. Tseneto, S.F. Goldman, C. Pizzochero, F. Nakajima, C. Alonso, O Na Thalang, R.C. Williams, and W.B. Bias.   Report of Antigen Society 6  (B8, B14, B16, B67, B59), in D. Charron, Editor, HLA, Genetic Diversity of HLA.  Functional and Medical Implications, Volume I, (EDK Publishers, Paris) pp. 62-68, 1997.

 

43.  B.D. Tait, M. Hammond, C. Stravropoulos-Giokas, M. Varney, C. Gorodezky, G. de la Rosa, M. Moreno, D. Gomez, A. Magafia, A. Boyle, A. Gavrilidis, L. Ashdown, M. Simons, M. Andrien, J.D. Bignon, C. Bouillenne, W. Bias, M. Bohinjec, E. Dupont, L. Fainboim, M.F. Gonzales-Escribano, S. Hashemi, A. Kastelan, M. Kawasaki, B. Kfir, J. McAuley, M.S. Park, L. Persoli, R. Pitchappan, M.L. Schroeder, R. Scorza, J.M. Tiercy, and RC. Williams. AHS#4:  B5, B35, B53, B18, B5102, B5103, B78. in D. Charron, Editor, HLA, Genetic Diversity of HLA.  Functional and Medical Implications, Volume I, (EDK Publishers, Paris) pp. 47-55, 1997.

 

42.  H. Maeda, C. Brautbar, A. Amoroso, S. Ballat, W.B. Bias, B. Coeffic, C. Daielli, M. de Bruyere, F. Dufosse, H. Grosse-Wilde, N. Grunnet, S. Hashemi, R. Hirata, R. Holdsworth, C.Y. Hu, E. Ivaskova, T. Juji, J.C. Le Petit, V. Lenhard, Z. Layisse, J. Loon, E. Maruya, P.L. Mattiusz, M. Nagy, S. Naito, F. Nakajima, Y. Nose, A. Kastelan, F. Pazderka, J.A. Sachs, S. Saitou, M. Segall, G. Semana, I. Schreuder, A. Smith, M.M. Tongio, E.M. Van den Berg- Loonen, J.L. Vicario, R.C. Williams, and R. Yasunami. AHS#15: HLA-DR6 (DR13, DR14), DR1403, DR1404, DR52. in D. Charron, Editor, HLA, Genetic Diversity of HLA.  Functional and Medical Implications, Volume I, (EDK Publishers, Paris) pp. 107-119, 1997.

 

41.  R.C. Williams, R.L. Hanson, D.J. Pettitt, M.L. Sievers, R.G.Nelson, and W.C. Knowler, HLA*A2 confers mortality risk for cardiovascular disease in Pimans.  Tissue Antigens (1996) 47:188-193.

 

40.  E.J. Adams, A. Little, K.L. Arnett, J.E. McAuley, R.C. Williams, and P. Parham, Three new HLA-B alleles found in Hispanic Americans.  Tissue Antigens (1995)  46:414-416.

 

39.  R.C. Williams, L.T.H. Jacobsson, W.C. Knowler, A. del Puente, D. Kostyu, J.E. McAuley, P.H. Bennett, and D.J. Pettitt, Meta-analysis reveals association between most common class II haplotype in full heritage Native Americans and rheumatoid arthritis.  Human Immunology (1995) 42:90-94.

 

38.  J.C. Long, R. C. Williams, and M. Urbanek, An E-M algorithm and testing strategy for multiple locus haplotypes.  American Journal of Human Genetics (1995) 56:799-810.

 

37.  R.C. Williams, Measuring genetic admixture in human populations: The Gila River Story.  Evolutionary Anthropology (1994) 3:84-92.

 

36.  R.C. Williams, W.C. Knowler, D.J. Pettitt, J.C Long, D.A.  Rokala, H.F. Polesky, R.A. Hackenberg, A.G. Steinberg, and P.H. Bennett, The magnitude and origin of European admixture in the Gila River Indian Community of Arizona: A union of genetics and demography. American Journal of Human Genetics (1992) 51:101-110.

 

35.  R.C. Williams and J.E. McAuley, HLA class I variation controlled for Genetic Admixture in the Gila River Indian Community of Arizona:  A Model for the Paleo-Indians.  Human Immunology (1992) 33:39-46.

 

34.  R.C. Williams and J.E. McAuley, HLA class II variation in the Gila River Indian Community of Arizona:  Alleles, haplotypes, and a high frequency epitope at the HLA-DR

 locus.  Human Immunology (1992) 33:29-38

 

33.  R.C. Williams, S. Chen, J.E. McAuley, P. Richiardi, S.  D'Alfonso, N. Mehra, R.T. McCalmon, G.Tardif, R.Strothman, W.C. Knowler, and D.J. Pettitt, Report of Antigen Society 106, B21, B49, Bw50, BN21, B12, B44, B45.  In HLA 1991 (ed K. Tsuji, M. Aizawa, T. Sasazuki) Volume 1, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1992)  pp. 305-307. 

 

32.  R.C. Williams, G.M. Troup, J.L. Nelson, D.D. Kostyu, J.E. McAuley, D.J. Pettitt, W.C.  Knowler, D.W. Templin,E.M. Mickelson, J.A. Hansen, and W. Hoy, Report of the North American Indian Anthropology Section.  In HLA 1991 (ed K. Tsuji, M. Aizawa, T. Sasazuki) Volume 1, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1992) pp. 683-685.

 

31.  M.P. Belich, J.A. Madrigal, W.H. Hildebrand, J. Zemmour, R.C. Williams, R. Luz, M.L. Petzl-Erler, and P. Parham, Unusual HLA-B alleles in two tribes of Brazilian  Indians.  Nature (1992) 357:326-329.

 

30.  W.H. Hildebrand, J.A. Madrigal, M.P. Belich, J. Zemmour, F.E. Ward, R.C. Williams, and P. Parham, Serologic cross-reactivities poorly reflect allelic relationships in the HLA- B12 and HLA-B21 groups.  Journal of Immunology (1992) 149:3563-3568.

 

29.  G. Kawaguchi, W.H. Hildebrand, M. Hiraiwa, S. Karaki, T. Nagao, N. Akiyama, H. Uchida, K. Kashiwase, T. Akaza, R.C. Williams, T. Juji, P. Parham, and M. Takiguchi, Two subtypes of HLA-B51 differing by substitution at position 171 of the  2 helix.  Immunogenetics (1992) 37:57-63.

 

28.  J. Zemmour, J. Gumperz, W.H. Hildebrand, S.G.E. Marsh, F.E. Ward, R.C. Williams, P. Parham, HLA-Cw11 is a combination of Cw1 and a Public Epitope of HLA-Cw3 and HLA- Bw46 molecules. In HLA 1991 (ed. K. Tsuji, M. Aizawa, T. Sasazuki) Volume 1, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1992) pp. 527-529.

 

27.  J. Zemmour, J.E. Gumperz, F.E. Ward, S.G.E. Marsh, R.C. Williams, P. Parham, The molecular basis for reactivity of anti-Cw1 and anti-Cw3 alloantisera with HLA-B46 haplotypes.  Tissue Antigens (1992) 39:249-257.

 

26.  I. Balazs, J. Neuweiler, R.C. Williams, and C. Lantz, Analysis of Australian, Black, Caucasian, Chinese, and Amerindian populations with hypervariable DNA loci. Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics, (ed. C.H. Rittner and D.M. Schneider) Volume 4, Springer- Verlag, Berlin (1992) pp. 182-183.

 

25.  A. Torroni, T.G. Schurr, C.C. Yang, E.J.E. Szathmary, R.C. Williams, M.S. Schanfield, G.A. Troup, W.C. Knowler,D.N. Lawrence, K.W. Weiss, and D.C. Wallace, Native American mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates that the Amerind and the Nadene populations were founded by two independent migrations.  Genetics (1992) 130:153-162.

 

24.  J.C. Long, R.C. Williams, J.E. McAuley, R. Medis, R. Partel, W.M. Tregellas, S.F. South, A.E. Rea, S.B. McCormick, and U. Iwaniec, Genetic variation in Arizona Mexican Americans:  Estimation of Admixture Proportions.  American Journal of Physical Anthropology (1991) 84:141-157.

 

23.  R.C. Williams, Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 1989 (1989)32:159-184.

 

22.  R.C. Williams, Functional and morphological stasis during molecular evolution.  American Journal of Physical Anthropology (1990) 81:101-112.

 

21.  R.C. Williams, S.N. Chen, D.K. Gill, J.T.L. Lane, J.E. McAuley, R. Strothman, and K.K. Mittal, Antigen Society #6 Report (B21, B49, Bw50, BN21, B12, B44, B45) In B.Dupont (ed), Immunobiology of HLA, Volume 1, Histocompatibility Testing 1987. (Springer- Verlag: New York, 1989) pp. 133-147.

 

20. Poglayen-Neuwall, B.S. Durrant, M.L. Swansen, R.C. Williams, and R. Barnes, Estrous cycle of the Tayra, Eira barbara.  Zoo Biology (1989) 8:171-177.

 

19.  W.C. Knowler, R.C. Williams, D.J. Pettitt, and A.G. Steinberg, Gm(3;5,13,14) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus: An association in American Indians with genetic admixture.  American Journal of Human Genetics (1988) 43:520-526.

 

18.  R.C. Williams and W.C. Knowler, HLA matching in bone marrow transplantation. In P.I. Terasaki (ed), Visuals of the Clinical Histocompatibility Workshop. (One Lambda, Inc: Los Angeles, 1988) pp. 42,43.

 

17.  R.C. Williams, A.G. Steinberg, W.C. Knowler, and D.J. Pettitt, Gm3;5,13,14 and stated- admixture: independent estimates of admixture in American Indians.  American Journal of Human Genetics (1986) 39:409-413.

 

16.  R.C. Williams, Scientific creationism and evangelical christianity:  A reply. American Anthropologist (1985) 87:665, 666.

 

15.  R.C. Williams, HLA II:  The emergence of the molecular model for the human major histocompatibility complex. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology (1985) 28:79-95.

 

14.  R.C. Williams, A.G. Steinberg, H. Gershowitz, P.H. Bennett, W.C. Knowler, D.J. Pettitt, W. Butler, R. Baird, L. Dowda-Rea, T.A. Burch, H.G. Morse, and C.G. Smith, Gm allotypes in Native Americans: Evidence for three distinct migrations across the Bering Land Bridge. American Journal of Physical Anthropology (1985) 66:1-19.

 

13.  R.C. Williams, Has the recessive hypothesis for susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus been firmly and unequivocally rejected?  Diabetes (1983) 32:774-776.

 

12.  R.C. Williams, HLA. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology (1982) 25:91-112.

 

11.  R.C. Williams, Scientific Creationism:  An exegesis for a religious doctrine. American Anthropologist (1983) 85(1):92-102.

 

10.  W.C. Knowler, D.J. Pettitt, P.H. Bennett, and R.C. Williams, Diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians:  Genetic and evolutionary considerations.  American Journal of Physical Anthropology (1983) 62:107-114.

 

9.  W.C. Knowler, D.J. Pettitt, P.H. Bennett, and R.C. Williams, Diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians:  Genetic and evolutionary considerations.  Genetics, Evolution, and Disease (Alan R. Liss, Inc:  New York, 1983) pp: 107-114.

 

8.  P.E. Smouse and R.C. Williams, Multivariate analysis of HLA-disease associations.  Biometrics (1982) 38:757-768.

 

7.  P.H. Bennett, W.C. Knowler, D.J. Pettitt, and R.C. Williams, The HLA system and its relation to the high prevalence of early onset of non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) in the Pima Indians of Arizona.  In the Proceedings of the International Symposium on Clinico-Genetic Genesis of Diabetes Mellitus. (Exerpta Medica: Amsterdam-Oxford- Princeton, 1982) pp. 125-130.

 

6.  R.C. Williams, H.G. Morse, M.D. Bonnell, R.G. Rate, and T.T. Kuberski, The HLA loci of the Hopi and Navajo.  American Journal of Physical Anthropology (1981) 56:291-296.

 

5.  R.C. Williams, W.C. Knowler, W.J. Butler, D.J. Pettitt, J.R. Lisse, P.H. Bennett, D.L. Mann, A.H. Johnson, and P.I. Terasaki, HLA-A2 and type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians: an association and decrease in allele frequency with age.  Diabetelogia (1981) 21:460-463.

 

4.  R.C. Williams and H. Gershowitz, IgG Levels in mother-father-cord trios. Vox Sanguinis (1979) 37:103-106.

 

3.  R.C. Williams and H. Gershowitz, Gm allotypes in mother-father-cord trios, a selective transfer of autologous fetal IgG to the mother. Vox Sanguinis (1979) 37:96-102.

 

2.  R.C. Williams, The probable mutation effect: neutral alleles and structural reduction. Human Biology (1978) 50:173-181.

 

1.  R.C. Williams, A.W. McKenzie, J.H. Roger, and V.C. Joysey, HLA antigens in patients with guttate psoriasis. British Journal of Dermatology (1976) 95:163-167.

Presentations
  • Dunn Williams, J, Williams, Robert, Robertson, G, Spizman, R, Dawson, R, Caglioti, S. Implications of the FDA NAT Guidance-for-Industry Document. Annual Meeting of the American Association of Blood Banks (Oct 2006).
  • Williams, J, Robertson, G, Williams, Robert, Spizman, R, Houghton, D, Caglioti, S. Seasonal Monitoring for West Nile Virus RNA in Blood Donor Screening. Annual Meeting of the American Association of Blood Banks (Oct 2006).
  • Williams, J, Williams, Robert, Robertson, G, Spizman, R, Houghton, D, Caglioti, S. A Multi-Year Geographic Analysis of West Nile Virus RNA Acitivity in Blood Donors. Annual Meeting of the American Society of Blood Banks (Oct 2006).
  • Williams, J, Williams, Robert, Robertson, G, Spizman, R, Morgan, L, Ostboe, P, Houghton, D, Caglioti, S. Evaluating Blood Donor Screening Assays for West Nile Virus Years 2003-2005. Annual Meeting of the American Association of Blood Banks (Oct 2006).
  • Jones, J, Sage, M, McAuley, J, Robertson, G, Williams, Robert, Caglioti, S. Evaluation of External Quality Control Material for Nucleic Acid Testing. Annual Meeting of the American Association of Blood Banks (Oct 2005).
  • McAuley, J, Caglioti, S, Robertson, G, Glanzer, T, Williams, Robert, Sarkissian, V, Bayer, B, Reynolds, W, Powell, L, Dockter, J, Estes, P, Wang, S, Baker, C, McCormick, M, Giachetti, C, Armstrong, G, Stramer, S. Multi-site study of the Procleix Ultrio assay using the enhanced semi-automated system compared with the TIGRIS automated system. Annual Meeting of the American Association of Blood Banks (Oct 2005).
  • McAuley, J, Jones, J, Robertson, G, Williams, Robert, McCormick, M, Powell, L, Linnen, J, Magic, S, Roper, P, Baker, C, Giachetti, C, Armstrong, G, Caglioti, S. Procleix WNV Assay Specificity and Reproducibility Analysis at a Blood Screening Laboratory. Annual Meeting of the American Association of Blood Banks (Oct 2005).
  • Tocheri, M, Scott, J, Williams, Robert. A Monte Carlo simulation method for estimating interspecific scaling relationships in the absence of specimen-specific body mass data. Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (Apr 2005).
  • McAuley, J, Williams, Robert, Robertson, G, Jones, J, Ostboe, P, Morgan, L, Caglioti, S. Specificity analysis of the Procleix Ultrio assays with volunteer blood donor specimans. Annual Meeting of the American Association of Blood Banks (Oct 2004).
  • Williams, Robert. How 'handy' was Homo habilis anyway? A 3D comparative analysis of the trapezium. Canadian Association of Physical Anthropologists (Oct 2002).
  • Williams, Robert. Efficacy Assessmnt of the Procleix dHIV-1 Assay in a Vaccine Clinical Trial. American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)
  • Williams, Robert. Performance Assessment of the COBAS AmplicScreen and Procleix TMA HIV-1 and HCV Assays. American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)
Service
  • Organizing Committee, 72nd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Registrar and Member (2003 - Present)
  • Personnel Committee, Chairman (2007 - 2008)
  • Blood Systems Laboratories at Blood Systems Inc., Unpaid statistical consultant and programmer (2007 - 2007)
  • Physical Anthropology Subdiscipline, member (2007 - 2007)
  • School Research Committee, Member (2006 - 2007)
  • Undergraduate Committee, Member (2006 - 2007)
  • Personnel Committee, Teaching analysis (2007 - 2007)
  • University Committee on Research Collaborations, Member (2007 - 2007)
  • Blood Systems HLA Laboratory, Unpaid Consulant (2006 - 2006)
  • Blood Systems Laboratories, Unpaid Consultant (2006 - 2006)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Unpaid Consultant (2006 - 2006)
  • School Museum, Contributor to the Day of the Dead Exhibit (2006 - 2006)
  • Physical Anthropology Subdiscipline, Chair (2005 - 2005)
  • Museum, Photographer (2005 - 2005)
  • Undergraduate Committee, Photographer (2005 - 2005)
  • Search Committee for Alexandra Brewis-Slade, Member (2005 - 2005)
  • Department Computers Committee, Member (2004 - 2005)
  • Affirmative Action Representative, Member (2003 - 2005)
  • Undergraduate Committee, Programmer, Data Analysis (2005 - 2005)
  • Personnel Committee, Programmer, Data Analysis (2005 - 2005)
  • Arcadia High School Honors Club, Speaker (2004)
  • Museum, Photographer (2004)
  • Personnel Committee, Programmer, Data Analysis (2004)
  • Undergraduate Committee, Photographer (2004)
  • Undergraduate Committee, Programmer, Data Analysis (2004)
  • Department Computer Committee, Member (2003 - 2004)
  • College of Liberal Arts Standards Committee, Chairman (2001 - 2004)
  • American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Registrar for National Meeting (2003)
  • College of Liberal Arts Standards Committee, Chairman (2003)
  • Undergraduate Committee, Member (2003)
Consulting

Director of the Histocompatibility Laboratory at Blood Systems, Inc. JAN 1980 - JUN 1993.

Expertise Areas
Epidemiology
Genetics
Evolution and Developmental Biology
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