Kailei Foltmer
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Mail code: 4020Campus: Phoenix
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Dr. Kailei Foltmer is a scholar, educator, and recreation professional whose work examines the intersections of gender, sport, identity, and social inclusion. She earned her PhD in Community Resources and Development from Arizona State University, where her research focused on women’s experiences in sports culturally coded as masculine. Her dissertation, Masks, Muscles, & Master Narratives: A Qualitative Analysis of the Lived Experiences of Women Athletes in Masculine-Coded Sports, explored how collegiate and Olympic-level athletes navigate gender expectations, bodily ideals, identity, belonging, and legitimacy within traditionally masculine sporting environments.
Drawing on qualitative and arts-based methods, including semi-structured interviews, photovoice, and photo elicitation, Dr. Foltmer examines how athletes negotiate dominant cultural narratives and strategically challenge or reproduce gender norms. Her research draws from theories of gender performativity, dramaturgy, identity, and objectification to center athletes’ lived experiences and illuminate the often-unseen work required of women competing in masculine-coded sports. Her broader research agenda also considers the role of youth sport in fostering confidence, belonging, leadership, and positive development, particularly among girls and young people from historically underserved communities.
Dr. Foltmer’s scholarship has appeared or is forthcoming in the Journal of Youth Development, World Leisure Journal, and International Journal of Sport Sciences. She has also contributed chapters and case studies addressing recreational sport management and participant-centered programming with adolescent Latina/x youth. She regularly presents her research at academic and professional conferences, including the Academy of Leisure Sciences Conference, the National Recreation and Park Association Annual Congress, and the Applied Sport Management Association Conference. Her research has received multiple honors through Arizona State University’s Institute for Social Science Research, including a second-place award and several honorable mentions.
As an educator, Dr. Foltmer has taught courses across community resources and development, recreation, sport, wellness, exercise science, service learning, and community evaluation at Arizona State University and Belmont University. Her teaching emphasizes experiential learning, applied problem-solving, inclusive practice, and meaningful connections between course concepts and students’ professional goals. She strives to create welcoming learning environments in which students feel supported, challenged, and encouraged to bring their own experiences and perspectives into the classroom. She has also mentored undergraduate researchers and delivered invited lectures and workshops on gender equity in sport, inclusive programming, qualitative and quantitative research methods, team building, and youth program administration.
Dr. Foltmer’s academic work is grounded in extensive professional experience in recreation programming, youth development, sport operations, and community engagement. As Youth Programs Supervisor at the Sacramento State Aquatic Center, she has led a team of more than 40 staff members and supported boating and water-safety programs serving over 300 young people each week. She has also developed and expanded community-based sport opportunities through Desert West Recreation and the Boys & Girls Clubs, including girl-centered programming designed to promote confidence, belonging, and sustained participation. Her additional experience encompasses collegiate athlete development, campus wellness, equestrian programming, ranch management, and recreation-based leadership training.
Across her research, teaching, and professional practice, Dr. Foltmer is committed to translating scholarship into meaningful action. Her work seeks to help educators, coaches, recreation professionals, sport administrators, and community organizations create environments in which more people, especially women, girls, and members of underserved communities, can participate, belong, and thrive.
Dr. Kailei Foltmer earned her PhD in Community Resources and Development from Arizona State University in 2026. Her doctoral research focused on gender, identity, and belonging in sport, with particular attention to the lived experiences of women competing in masculine-coded sports.
Before beginning her doctoral studies, Dr. Foltmer earned a Master of Sport Administration from Belmont University in 2022. This program strengthened her understanding of sport leadership, administration, programming, and organizational practice while providing opportunities to teach undergraduate exercise science and wellness courses. She earned a Bachelor of Science in Recreation Administration and an Associate of Arts in Sociology from Utah State University in 2020. Together, these interdisciplinary educational experiences shaped her approach to research and teaching by connecting sport and recreation management with sociological perspectives of gender.
My research explores the intersections of gender, sports, and societal norms, with a focus on advancing equity and inclusion in both competitive and youth sport contexts. I examine how women navigate masculine-coded sports, addressing barriers such as unequal opportunities, stereotypes, and societal expectations, and investigating how athletes strategically perform and negotiate gender roles in these spaces. Using qualitative methods, I apply frameworks such as objectification theory, identity theory, dramaturgical theory, and gender performativity to analyze identity negotiation and the reinforcement or disruption of gender norms. In addition, I study the role of youth sports in fostering social, psychological, and leadership development, exploring how inclusive programs, mentorship, and coaching practices can empower young athletes, particularly girl, and promote long-term engagement. Through this work, I aim to bridge research and practice, informing sport administrators, policymakers, and program designers on how to create more equitable and inclusive sporting environments.
My dissertation research examined how Olympic and collegiately competitive women athletes perceive, navigate, and challenge gender norms within sports that are culturally coded as masculine. Rather than focusing solely on external perceptions of female athletes, it centers on their lived experiences: how they understand and perform gender, relate to their bodies, and engage with dominant cultural narratives. To explore these dynamics, my dissertation comprised of three interrelated qualitative studies, each addressing a distinct dimension of gendered experience in traditionally masculine-coded sports, employing semi-structured interviews, photovoice, and photo-elicitation methods.
- Foltmer, K; Legg, E., & Choi, Youngsu (In press). “Sketching the 5Cs: Art-Based Insights into Latina Girls’ Development in a Community Volleyball Program.” Journal of Youth Development.
- Legg, E., Spencer-Schultz, C., Legg, B., & Foltmer, K. (2025). Imagining the future of sport through art: An a/r/tographic inquiry. World Leisure Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2025.2463461
- Choi ,Y., Legg, E., & Foltmer, K. (2026). Coaches’ perceptions of motivational climate in Korean youth sports. International Journal of Sport Science & Coaching. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541261478039
Courses
2026 Fall
| Course Number | Course Title |
|---|---|
| TDM 215 | Arizona Bucket List |
| TDM 215 | Arizona Bucket List |
2025 Summer
| Course Number | Course Title |
|---|---|
| CRD 435 | Service Learn Commun Develop |
2025 Spring
| Course Number | Course Title |
|---|---|
| CRD 402 | Assess&Eval Community Services |
2024 Fall
| Course Number | Course Title |
|---|---|
| CRD 402 | Assess&Eval Community Services |
2024 Spring
| Course Number | Course Title |
|---|---|
| CRD 402 | Assess&Eval Community Services |
2023 Fall
| Course Number | Course Title |
|---|---|
| TDM 205 | Intro to Travel and Tourism |
| TDM 205 | Intro to Travel and Tourism |
| TDM 205 | Intro to Travel and Tourism |
| TDM 205 | Intro to Travel and Tourism |
2023 Spring
| Course Number | Course Title |
|---|---|
| PRM 364 | Foundations of Rec Therapy |
Dr. Foltmer has delivered invited lectures and research workshops across courses in recreation, sport management, community development, leisure studies, and program evaluation. These presentations integrate her scholarship and professional experience with applied examples designed to help students connect theory, research, and practice.
- “Muscles, Masks, and Master Narratives: A Qualitative Analysis of the Lived Experiences of Women in Masculine-Coded Sports,” presented in PRM 120: Leisure and Quality of Life, Arizona State University, Fall 2024.
- “Inclusive Sport,” presented in PRM 201: Introduction to Parks, Recreation, and Sport Management, Arizona State University, Fall 2024.
- “Gender Equity in Sport,” presented in PRM 201: Introduction to Parks, Recreation, and Sport Management, Arizona State University, Fall 2024.
- “Research and Experiences of Being an Athlete in a Male-Dominated Sport,” presented in PRM 120: Leisure and Quality of Life, Arizona State University, Fall 2024.
- “Recreation- and Sport-Based Team Building,” presented in PRM 201: Introduction to Parks, Recreation, and Sport Management, Arizona State University, Fall 2024.
- “Quantitative Methods Workshop,” presented to undergraduate therapeutic recreation students, Arizona State University, Spring 2024.
- “Qualitative Methods Workshop,” presented to undergraduate therapeutic recreation students, Arizona State University, Spring 2024.
- “Westward Ho Integration,” presented in CRD 302: Inclusive Community Development, Arizona State University, Spring 2024.
- “Research and Experiences of Being an Athlete in a Male-Dominated Sport,” presented in PRM 120: Leisure and Quality of Life, Arizona State University, Spring 2024.
- “Westward Ho Integration,” presented in CRD 302: Inclusive Community Development, Arizona State University, Fall 2023 and Spring 2024.
- “Recreation- and Sport-Based Team Building,” presented in PRM 201: Introduction to Parks, Recreation, and Sport Management, Arizona State University, Fall 2023.
- “Summer Camp Administration,” presented in PRM 201: Introduction to Parks, Recreation, and Sport Management, Arizona State University, Fall 2023.
- “Quantitative Evaluation Techniques,” presented in TDM/PRM/NLM 402: Assessment and Evaluation of Community Services, Arizona State University, Fall 2023.
- “Female Powerlifters: A Qualitative Analysis of the Lived Experiences of Female Athletes in a Male-Dominated Sport,” presented in PRM 120: Leisure and Quality of Life, Arizona State University, Fall 2022.
- “Aquatic Youth Programs,” presented in RAM 1000: Introduction to Recreation Services, Utah State University, Fall 2019.