Robert Gutzwiller

Attention and Workload

• Johnson, C. J., Gutzwiller, R. S., Cooke, N. J., & Holder, E. (2026, in press). A review of team workload theory and measures. Human Factors.
• Johnson, C. J., Gutzwiller, R. S., Holder, E., Amazeen, P. G., & Cooke, N. J. (2025). Exploring the Relationship Between Team Workload and Communication in Action Teams. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 19(3), 308-334. doi/10.1177/15553434251328835
• McAlphin, M., Gutzwiller, R. S., & Seymour, D. (2025). Responses to and Recognition of Simultaneously-Occurring Driving Hazards using Auditory and Visual In-Vehicle Alerts. Proceedings of the Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference (AHFE). *Won Best Paper Award.
• Lewis, C. M., Gutzwiller, R. S., & Johnson, C. K. (2024). Priority influences task selection decisions in multi-task management. Applied Ergonomics, 119, 104317.
• Johnson, C. J., Lieber, C. S., Gutzwiller, R. S., & Cooke, N. J. (2023). Team Workload in Action Teams: Exploring the Impact of Interdependence. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 67(1), 1127-1133.
• Lewis, C. M., & Gutzwiller, R. S. (2023). Examining post-error performance in a complex multitasking environment. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 8(1), 65.
• Rheem, H., Steelman, K., & Gutzwiller, R. S. (2021). SEEV Modeler: A GUI-Based Tool for the SEEV Model Simulation. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
• Zabala, G., & Gutzwiller, R. S. (2021). Validating the Strategic Task Overload Management (STOM) Model Using MATB II and Eye-tracking. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Wickens, C. D., & Clegg, B. A. (2019). The role of reward and effort over time in task switching. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 20(2), 196-214.
• Wickens, C. D., & Gutzwiller, R. S. (2017). The status of the Strategic Task Overload Model (STOM) for predicting multi-task management. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 61, 757–761
• Gutzwiller, R. S., & Sitzman, D. M. (2017). Examining task priority effects in multi-task management. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 61, 762–766.
• Wickens, C. D., Gutzwiller, R. S., Vieane, A., Clegg, B. A., & Janes, J. (2016). Time sharing between robotics and process control: Validating a model of attention switching. Human Factors, 58(2), 322-343. *Won the Jerome H. Ely Award for Most Outstanding Paper in Human Factors.
• Wickens, C. D., Gutzwiller, R. S., & Santamaria, A. (2015). Discrete task switching in overload: A meta-analyses and a model. Special issue of International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 79, 79-84.
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Wickens, C. D., & Clegg, B. A. (2015). The role of individual differences in the executive attentional network in switching choice and multi-task management. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 59, 632-636.
• Clegg, B. A., Wickens, C. D., Vieane, A., Gutzwiller, R. S., & Sebok, A. (2015). Circadian effects on fault management and multitasking. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 59, 627-631.
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Wickens, C. D., & Clegg, B. A. (2014). Workload overload modeling: An experiment with MATB II to inform a computational model of task management. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 58, 849-853.
• Blalock, L. D., Sawyer, B., Kiken, A., Gutzwiller, R. S., McGill, C. L., & Clegg, B. A. (2014). Cognitive load while driving impairs memory of moving but not stationary elements within the environment. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 5(2), 95-100.

Human Machine Teaming

• McGuire, M., & Gutzwiller, R. S. (2025). The effect of stress on prospective memory in robotic command and control. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 10(55). In a special issue on military applications of cognition.
• Hao, R., Gorman, J., Cooke, N., & Gutzwiller, R. S. (2025). Error type influences communication recipient selection: Consistent patterns during autonomy and automation errors in a synthetic task environment. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Annual Conference. 
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Yousefi, R., Larson-Calcano, T., Lee, J. R., Verma, A., Tenhundfeld, N. L., & Maknojia, I. (2025). Systematic Review of the Use and Modification of the “Trust in Automated Systems Scale”. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. doi/10.1177/10711813251357911
• Lee, J. R., & Gutzwiller, R. S. (2023). Do the Eyes Have It? A Review of Using Eye Tracking for Automation Trust Measurement. Human Factors. Editor's Pick 2025 doi/00187208251348395.
• Wong, J. H., Chiou, E. K., Gutzwiller, R. S., Cook, M. B., & Fallon, C. K. (2024). Human-Artificial Intelligence Teaming for the U.S. Navy: Developing a Holistic Research Roadmap. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
• Gutzwiller, R. S., & Van Bruggen, D. (2021). Human factors in automating cyber operations. Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. [and see video of the talk on my main page]
• Gutzwiller, R. S., & Reeder, J. (2020). Dances with algorithms: Interactive development creates greater preference and trust in machine-learned behaviors. Human Factors, 63(5), 854-867
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Chiou, E. K., Craig, S. D., Lewis, C. M., Lematta, G. J., & Hsiung, Chi-Ping. (2019). Positive bias in the 'Trust in Automated Systems Survey'? An examination of the Jian et al. (2000) scale. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting.
• Shulte, A., Donath, D., Lange, D., & Gutzwiller, R. S. (2018). A heterarchical urgency-based design pattern for human automation interaction. Human Computer Interaction International.
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Espinosa, S. H., Kenny, C., & Lange, D. S. (2018). A design pattern for working agreements in human-autonomy teaming. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 591, 12–24.
• Dzieciuch, I., Reeder, J., Gutzwiller, R. S., Gustafson, E., Coronado, B., Martinez, L., … Lange, D. S. (2017). Amplifying human ability through autonomics and machine learning in IMPACT. Proceedings of SPIE Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications IX, 10194, 101941Y1-11.
• Gutzwiller, R. S., & Lange, D. S. (2016). Tasking teams: Supervisory control and task management of autonomous unmanned systems. In International Conference on Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality (pp. 397-405). Springer International Publishing.
• Lange, D. S., & Gutzwiller, R. S. (2016). Human-autonomy teaming patterns in the command and control of teams of autonomous systems. In International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics (pp. 179-188). Springer International Publishing.
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Lange, D. S., Reeder, J., Morris, R. L., & Rodas, O. (2015). Human-computer collaboration in adaptive supervisory control and function allocation of autonomous system teams. In International Conference on Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality (pp. 447-456). Springer International Publishing.
• Clegg, B. A., Vieane, A., Wickens, C. D., Gutzwiller, R. S., & Sebok, A. (2014). The effects of automation-induced complacency on fault diagnosis and management performance in process control. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 58, 844-848.
• Lange, D. S., Gutzwiller, R. S., Verbancsics, P., & Sin, T. (2014). Task models for human-computer collaboration in supervisory control of teams of autonomous systems. IEEE Conference on Cognitive and Computational Aspects of Situation Management, CogSIMA, 97-102.       
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Clegg, B. A., & Blitch, J. G. (2013, invited). Part-task training in the context of automation: Current and future directions. American Journal of Psychology, 126(4), 417-432.
• Gutzwiller, R. S., & Clegg, B. A. (2013). The role of working memory in levels of situation awareness. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 7(2), 141-154.
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Clegg, B. A., Smith, C. A. P., Lewis, J. L., & Patterson, J. D. (2013). Predicted failure alerting in a supervisory control task does not always enhance performance. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 57, 364-368.
• Lange, D., Verbanscics, P., Gutzwiller, R. S., & Reeder, J. (2013). Trust in sparse supervisory control. Trust and Autonomous Systems: Papers from the 2013 AAAI Spring Symposium, 39-43.    
• Gutzwiller, R. S., & Clegg, B. A. (2012). Training for unmanned vehicle allocation with automation in a dynamic microworld. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 56, 2497-2501.
• Blitch, J. G., Bauder, C. J., Gutzwiller, R. S., & Clegg, B. A. (2012). Correlations of spatial orientation with simulation based robot operator training. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Human Factors & Ergonomics (AHFE).
• Lange, D., Verbanscics, P., Gutzwiller, R. S., Reeder, J., & Sarles, C. (2012). Command and control of teams of autonomous systems. Proceedings of the 17th Monterey Workshop for the Development, Operation and Management of Large-Scale Complex IT Systems, Oxford, UK.
• Heggestad, E. D., Clegg, B. A., Goh, A., & Gutzwiller, R. S. (2012). How automation-based training aides and learner cognitive abilities impact training effectiveness. In A. Healy and L. Bourne (Eds.), Training cognition: Optimizing efficiency, durability, and generalizability (pp. 112-133). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.

Cyber Security

• Bhat, K. R., Gutzwiller, R. S., Guarino, S., Lynn, S., Clegg, B. A., Hypolite, J., Sieffert, M., Locasto, M., Kelle, D., Slocum, M., Wu, C., Harrison, S., Revelle, M., & Latiff, S. (2025). Exploiting Base Rate Neglect to Disrupt and Distract Cyber Attackers. Hawaii International Conference on Systems Science (HICSS). Nominated for HICSS Best Paper Award
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Fugate, S. J., Lukos, J. & Weigand, K. (2024). A Novel Visual Interface Enables Human Detection of Malware in Portable Document Format. Journal of Cybersecurity. 
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Rheem, H., Ferguson-Walter, K. J., Lewis, C. M., Johnson, C. K., & Major, M. (2023). Exploratory analysis of decision-making biases of professional red teamers in a cyber-attack dataset. Journal of Cognitive Engineering & Decision Making.
• Ferguson-Walter, K.J., Major, M., Johnson, C. K., Johnson, C. J., Scott, D. D., Gutzwiller, R.S., & Shade, T. B. (2023). Cyber Expert Feedback:  Experiences, Expectations, and Opinions About Cyber Deception. Computers & Security. 
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Gilbert, M., Drescher, T.J., Ferguson-Walter, K. J., Mikanda, N., Johnson, C. J., & Scott, D. (2023). Frustration, Confusion, Surprise, Confidence, and Self-doubt: Cyber Operators’ Affects during a Realistic Experiment. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Annual Conference.
• Johnson, C. J., Ferguson-Walter, K. J., Gutzwiller, R. S., Scott, D., & Cooke, N. J. (2022). Investigating Cyber Attacker Team Cognition. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Annual Conference.
• Ferguson-Walter, K. J., Gutzwiller, R. S., Scott, D., & Johnson, C. J. (2021). Oppositional human factors in cybersecurity: A preliminary analysis of affective states. Workshop on Human-Centric Software Engineering & Cyber Security (HCSE&CS-2021)
• Johnson, C. K., Gutzwiller, R. S., Gervais, J., Ferguson-Walter, K. J., Fugate, S. J., & Bilinski, M. (2021). Decision-making biases and cyber attackers. Workshop on Human-Centric Software Engineering & Cyber Security (HCSE&CS-2021)
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Dykstra, J., & Payne, B. (2020). Gaps and opportunities in situational awareness for cybersecurity. Digital Threats: Research and Practice, 1(3), 1-6.
• Das, S., Gutzwiller, R. S., Roscoe, R. D., Rajivan, P., Wang, Y., Camp, L. J., & Hoyle, R. (2020). Humans and technology for inclusive privacy and security. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 2020.
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Ferguson-walter, K. J., & Fugate, S. J. (2019). Are Cyber Attackers Thinking Fast and Slow? Exploratory Analysis Reveals Evidence of Decision-Making Biases in Red Teamers. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Meeting
• Ferguson-Walter, K., Major, M., van Bruggen, D. C., Fugate, S., & Gutzwiller, R. S. (2019).The World of CTF is Not Enough Data: Lessons Learned from a Cyber Deception Experiment. IEEE Workshop on Human Aspects of Cybersecurity. 
• Nyre-Yu, M., Gutzwiller, R. S., & Caldwell, B. S. (2019). Observing Cyber Security Incident Response: Qualitative Themes From Field Research. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Meeting.
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Cosley, D., Ferguson-Walter, K. J., Fraze, D., & Rahmer, R. (2019). Panel: Research Sponsors for Cybersecurity Research and the Human Factor. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Meeting.
• Paul, C., Blaha, L., Bos, N., Fallon, C., Gonzalez, C., & Gutzwiller, R. S. (2019). Opportunities and challenges for human-machine teaming in cybersecurity operations. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Meeting
• Gutzwiller, R. S. (2019) Situation Awareness in Defensive Cyberspace Operations: An Annotated Bibliographic Assessment Through 2015. NIWC/ONR Technical Report TR-3184.
• Gutzwiller, R. S.*, Ferguson-Walter, K., Fugate, S., & Rogers, A. (2018) "Oh, look!  A butterfly!"  A framework for distracting attackers. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2018. *Won the Marc Resnick Best Paper Award.
• Borghetti, B., Funke, G., Pastel, R., & Gutzwiller, R. S. (2017). Cyber human research from the cyber operator’s view. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 61, 350.
• Vieane, A. Z., Funke, G. J., Gutzwiller, R. S., Mancuso, V. F., Sawyer, B. D., & Wickens, C. D. (2016). Addressing human factors gaps in cyber defense. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 60, 770–773.
• Fugate, S., Lukos, J., Gutzwiller, R. S., & Lester, C. (2016). Position paper: Proposing ambient visualization and pre-attentive processing for threat detection. In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series (Vol. Part F1306).
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Hunt, S., & Lange, D. S. (2016). Cyber-cognitive situation awareness (CCSA) in cyber defense: An initial cognitive task analysis. IEEE Conference on Cognitive and Computational Aspects of Situation Management, CogSIMA (pp. 14-20).
• Gutzwiller, R. S., Fugate, S., Sawyer, B., & Hancock, P. A. (2015). The human factors of cyber network defense. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 59, 322-326. *Nominated for best paper award.

*italics denote student contribution